tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-75953450436901073762024-03-19T12:28:14.046+03:00Network Enhancers - "Delivering Beyond Boundaries"NETENhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08288560958633001947noreply@blogger.comBlogger844125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595345043690107376.post-16269257620566113912017-12-04T10:25:00.001+03:002017-12-04T10:25:27.545+03:00New OWASP Top 10 is finally here, injections still dominate<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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New Open Web Application Security Project 'top-ten risks' list highlights series of common failings, as well as a trio of new risks</div>
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The Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) has revealed an updated ‘top ten’ most urgent application security issues facing organisations, a list that has stood for four years since the last update.</div>
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The infamous vulnerability ranking was last updated in 2014, and although not a formal standard has been widely adopted by security professionals and bug bounty platforms.</div>
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In spite of the four year hiatus, command injection is still the biggest threat to business applications today, followed by Broken Authentication and Data exposure.</div>
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There are three newcomers to the top ten, XML External Entities (XXE), Insecure Deserialization, and Insufficient Logging and Monitoring. The full top ten is <a href="https://github.com/OWASP/Top10/raw/master/2017/OWASP%20Top%2010-2017%20(en).pdf" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #67abe2; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">here</a>.</div>
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XML External Entities (XXE) has been added as a result of data from source code analysis tools, which have created a range of vulnerabilities including internal file or shares disclosure, internal port scanning, remote code execution (RCE) or denial of service (DoS).</div>
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Insecure deserialisation is also a new category, which can lead to replay attacks, injection attacks, and privilege escalation.</div>
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Finally, Insufficient logging and monitoring has made the list, as it makes it difficult for admins to detect and respond to attacks. The Project analysts pointed out in some situations it can take up to 200 days to detect a breach.</div>
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Other areas to watch for the future include architectural changes, according to the analysts, particularly in “single page applications” written with Angular or React, where functionality has been moved from the server side to the client which “brings its own security challenges”. Another new risk area is in microservices, where old code is put behind RESTful or other APIs, but was never designed to be exposed externally: “The base assumptions behind the code, such as trusted callers, are no longer valid”, the report said.</div>
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Ilia Kolochenko, CEO, High-Tech Bridge welcomed the new top 10, but also pointed out that the best practice principles of application security development are unchanged: "<cite style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: normal;">There are many different best practices to tackle application security at the early stage of software development. First of all, you need to ascertain that your developers are aware of the most recent secure coding techniques, and do properly apply them. Many qualified developers tend to ignore "minor" (in their perception) flaws, such as XSS or XSRF, putting the entire application at risk.”</cite></div>
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“<cite style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: normal;">Others candidly believe that if they have a WAF or RASP, no code security is ever required. Therefore, regular training on new attacking techniques and exploitation vectors are very helpful to highlight the practical side of security.”</cite></div>
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“<cite style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: normal;">Application security starts with secure and clear design of the application and related components. Before starting development, you need to plan how to handle security, reliability, compliance requirements (if any) and data encryption. Otherwise, any substantial corrections at later stages can easily get extremely expensive.</cite>”</div>
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“<cite style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: normal;">Don't forget to implement continuous security monitoring and testing once the application is deployed to production: what is secure today - can easily become vulnerable tomorrow</cite>”, he summarised.</div>
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NETENhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08288560958633001947noreply@blogger.com394tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595345043690107376.post-35309210855187819052017-10-14T10:43:00.000+03:002017-10-14T19:43:51.144+03:00Bitcoin Transactions: How they work<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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https://medium.com/@verify.as/the-process-of-bitcoins-transactions-38cda18a2a83<br />
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NETENhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08288560958633001947noreply@blogger.com12tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595345043690107376.post-6400374889318991822017-10-09T06:26:00.002+03:002017-10-09T06:26:59.657+03:00Difference Between PoW, PoS, and PoI<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br /><br />Not a day goes by without hearing these two terms when you are involved in cryptocurrency and blockchain technology, PoW and PoS(there is a third one that you don't hear about that much, but you will get to know it here). when you are trying to find the next best choice for investment in cryptocurrency, one of the factors that could affect your portfolio is the algorithm that the project is using(except Bitcoin which has a totally different situation). let's go through each one and see how they work.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><b><u><span style="font-size: large;">Proof of Work</span></u></b><br />PoW(Proof of Work) algorithm mainly is based on computation power, it means you are as powerful as the number(and power) of your CPUs. This algorithm is the oldest and the most common one in blockchain technology, one of the problems that PoW has, is that if you want to mine coins, you need to have powerful devices specially made for this purpose which cost some money, and also you need to spend a great amount of electricity and bandwidth over the process of mining, the whole thing does not seem profitable and in reality that is correct(if you don't have proper equipment, you probably will spend more that you earn).<br /><br /><br />Another problem other than wasting energy is, in future when there is no coin to mine anymore, miners only get paid by transaction fees, and because the mining process is very expensive, they will accept any fees which will lead to having fewer miners and finally being prone to 51% attack(when a miner have 51% or more percent of mining power and is able to change data in blocks), another problem was that the rich would get richer because the more resource you provide the more coin you will mine.<div>
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><u><br />Proof of Stake</u></span></b><br /><br /><br />As you see PoW is not the best algorithm for blockchain, so another algorithm was developed that works completely different and makes you powerful as your stakes, in another word the amount of the coins that you earn is related to amount of stakes that you hold, for example, if you have 10% of a coin in your account, you would earn 10% of new coins that are created in future(the concept is simplified, there are more details in technical terms) because the probability of you signing next block would be related to your amount of stake. in this case you don't need to solve very hard mathematical challenges anymore which prevents wasting many resources like electricity, and also if someone wants to own more than 51% of the stakes to do the attack, he/she has to buy 51% of the stakes which is practically impossible because when he/she starts buying all the coins, the price would go to the moon and he/she won't be able to afford all that money.<br /><br /><br />Again one problem here is the person that holds the oldest set of coins or have more, gets more(rich gets richer, the same as PoW) which is not everybody's favorite condition,the only thing that needs to be done is to prove the ownership of your stakes or the number of the coins you possess. so what should we do?! the answer is already found actually. by the way, the first coin that implemented PoS was PeerCoin(PPC).<br /><br /><br /><b><u><span style="font-size: large;">Proof of Importance</span></u></b><br /><br /><br />This is where PoI comes in, because of the problems that were mentioned above, PoI algorithm came around, the idea behind this algorithm is that you are important as your activity on the network. it mean those who are active on the network and help project to benefit(loyal users) are going to be rewarded, each address(user) is given a trust score, and by activities on the network it gets higher, the higher it gets, the more chance you will have to be rewarded by the network, this way rich necessarily does not get richer and everyone has the chance to be rewarded based on loyalty and effort of the user. as I said before the whole thing is being simplified to get you a general and basic understanding, it has more technical complexity in it, though.<br /><br />the coin that is using this algorithm is called NEM(XEM) which is one of the promising coins for long-term investment exactly because of this well thought algorithm.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></div>
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NETENhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08288560958633001947noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595345043690107376.post-59425456492719790322017-09-20T19:45:00.000+03:002017-09-20T19:45:15.415+03:00OpenStack and OpenShift <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br /><br />Both <a href="http://openstack.org/">OpenStack</a> and <a href="https://www.openshift.com/open-source">OpenShift Origin</a> are open source projects, and both provide cloud computing foundations. However, they do not compete with each other.<br /><br />OpenStack provides “Infrastructure-as-a-Service”, or “IaaS”. It provides bootable virtual machines, networking, block storage, object storage, and so forth. Some IaaS service providers based on OpenStack are <a href="http://hpcloud.com/">HP Cloud</a> and Rackspace Cloud. Red Hat is fully engaged with the larger OpenStack user and developer community. Our developers are the source of a significant amount of code to implement features and fix bugs in the OpenStack projects.<br /><br />The OpenShift hosted service provides “Platform-as-a-Service” or “PaaS”. It provides the necessary parts to quickly deploy and run a LAMP application: the web server, application server, application runtimes and libraries, database service, and so forth.<br /><br />OpenShift Origin is the open source project of the software that enables the OpenShift hosted service. Using OpenShift Origin, you can build your own PaaS.<br /><br />A PaaS typically runs on top of an IaaS provider. For example, both the OpenShift hosted service and the Heroku hosted service run on top of Amazon’s AWS IaaS service.<br /><br /><br />OpenShift Origin can run on top of OpenStack. For example, our Krishna Raman has written a blog post: <a href="http://www.krishnaraman.net/openshift-origin-on-openstack/">OpenShift Origin on OpenStack</a> which describes step by step how to set it up.<br /><br />In addition to OpenShift Origin being able to run on top of OpenStack, it can run on top of AWS, it can run on top of <a href="http://www.linux-kvm.org/">KVM</a> or VMware in your own data center, it can run on top of <a href="http://virtualbox.org/">Virtual Box</a> in your personal laptop, and it can even run on top of “bare metal” unvirtualized Linux hosts.<br /><br />So, when I am asked “How does OpenShift relate to OpenStack?”, I answer “OpenShift Origin can run on top of OpenStack. They are complementary projects that work well together. OpenShift Origin is not presently part of OpenStack, and does not compete with OpenStack. If you stand up your own OpenStack system, you can make it even more useful by installing OpenShift Origin on top of it.”<br /><br /><br /><br /></div>
NETENhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08288560958633001947noreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595345043690107376.post-73854109725195891102017-08-23T11:04:00.000+03:002017-08-23T11:04:15.784+03:00How to set up an all open-source IT infrastructure from scratch<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Courtesy - Bryan</div>
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Hypothetical: You need to set up the IT infrastructure (email, file sharing, etc.) for a new company. No restrictions. No legacy application support necessary. How would you do it? What would that ideal IT infrastructure look like?</div>
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I decided to sit down and think of my ideal setup — based on quite a few years of being a vice president of engineering at various companies — and document them here. Maybe you’ll find my choices useful; maybe you’ll think I’m crazy. Either way, these are good things to consider for any organization. </div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Run services on your own servers </span></b></div>
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The first thing I’m going to decide on, right up front, is to self-host as many services as I possibly can. </div>
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Sure, there are noteworthy benefits to paying another company host and maintain your services for you (primary that you don’t have to have someone on staff to perform that function) but the drawbacks far outweigh the good points. </div>
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Having full control over your own data — how it is stored and who it is shared with — is critical to any business (and any individual). Most of the choices I make below would also work as a remotely hosted option. But, where possible, I will focus on them being self-hosted. </div>
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Some of the following functionality can be hosted on a single server, but I recommend breaking out key services to run on dedicated servers — possibly many, depending on your particular needs (such as an expectation of large file repositories) or large numbers of employees. </div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Only open-source software </span></b></div>
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For security and customization reasons, I will be opting to utilize only open-source and free software here. There are simply far too many drawbacks to basing a corporate infrastructure on closed source systems. </div>
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This decision was easy and obvious for anyone who’s worked in IT for more than a few years. </div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Kolab for email and calendaring </span></b></div>
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For email, calendaring and general groupware functionality (meeting requests and the like) I opt to go with <a href="https://kolab.org/">Kolab</a>. It’s <a href="https://docs.kolab.org/installation-guide/index.html">open source</a>, and there’s a company behind it that will provide paid support as needed or desired. </div>
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Kolab has a great web interface for all of the key functionality, but it will work just as well with almost any email and calendar clients in existence.</div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Owncloud or Nextcloud for file sharing/document collaboration</span></b></div>
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Since we’ll be going all open source, file sharing (and online file storage) options such as Dropbox and Google Drive are simply not an option. </div>
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There are some features along these lines built into Kolab but not quite enough. I’d like something a little more powerful and extensible, which means running either <a href="https://owncloud.com/">Owncloud</a> or <a href="https://nextcloud.com/">Nextcloud</a>. </div>
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The two systems are very similar in many respects — not surprising because Nextcloud is forked from and run by the founder of Owncloud. Both will, in all reality, meet most file sharing/storage needs quite well. </div>
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However, OwnCloud does contain some closed source bits focusing on larger organizations. On the flipside, NextCloud has made a public commitment to offer all features as 100% free and open source software. With that in mind, I would opt to go with NextCloud. </div>
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As an added bonus, NextCloud handles document collaboration quite well via <a href="https://nextcloud.com/collaboraonline/">Collabora Online</a>. Two birds, one stone. </div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Matrix for instant messaging </span></b></div>
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No. Using Google Hangouts is not a reasonable option for your company’s instant messaging. Neither is Skype. We need something that a) can be hosted in house, b) is open source, and c) is as secure and private as possible. </div>
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I’ve opted to go with <a href="https://matrix.org/">Matrix</a>. Not only does it check all of those three key criteria, but it has two rather interesting features that, while may not be used, are nice to have around as options: </div>
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<li style="text-align: justify;">A decentralized design. Meaning that, as the organization grows, new server instances could be added, say, for different parts of the company or different locales. </li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">The ability to bridge Matrix to other services, such as IRC, Slack, etc. This can make it much easier to integrate with external teams or communities.</li>
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Again. Maybe those your organization will never use those two features, but having them around doesn’t hurt.</div>
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Bonus points: Matrix handles video chats. Got a big, remote team? If everyone’s on Matrix, there’s no need for company-issued cell phones (or land lines). </div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Linux-based OS and software for workstations</span></b></div>
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Not choosing Microsoft Windows is the first obvious decision here. The cost is to high (both in terms of up-front monetary investment and recurring costs associated with securing a closed platform). MacOS is, for the same reason, off the table. </div>
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What specific platform I chose, at that point, comes down to what my specific needs are within the organization. Chance are I would select a Linux-based platform (either a free Linux distribution – Debian, openSUSE, Fedora, etc. – or a similar system with paid support). Support is the main reason to consider a paid, closed system anyway, so might as well get all the benefits with none of the drawbacks of a system like Windows.</div>
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Save money, increase security. No brainer. </div>
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For applications, I’d also standardize around <a href="https://www.libreoffice.org/">LibreOffice</a> for the office suite and one of the several open-source web browsers (such as Firefox).</div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">In short: All open source </span></b></div>
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Clearly an all open-source workplace makes the most sense. Save money. Be more secure. More flexible. Those are all good things.</div>
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If you’re reading this and you are responsible for making IT decisions within your company, remember all of these when it comes time to renew your Microsoft Exchange license. Or it’s time to upgrade Windows. Or pay for yet another month/quarter of your video conferencing and file storage system.</div>
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Maybe my specific choices here won’t match your needs exactly, but for most of you, there are going to be open-source solutions that will.</div>
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NETENhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08288560958633001947noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595345043690107376.post-24198390595100803472017-08-22T20:34:00.000+03:002017-08-22T20:34:07.663+03:00Ethereum Versus NEM - The Obvious Choice<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_fRsEzUHb0tyYU6zabV-65gqgK99niHq6v4EzroScPzf_yWdz9-yA91gO_ci5hheEgH_6NMx62qGvoZbNw2RK9bXgHTxQdKWRxKq8SkFMAtI-u92V1HJwe_SJveA9iqytZZ5X_uCFYkRq/s1600/ethereum+nem.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="442" data-original-width="866" height="203" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_fRsEzUHb0tyYU6zabV-65gqgK99niHq6v4EzroScPzf_yWdz9-yA91gO_ci5hheEgH_6NMx62qGvoZbNw2RK9bXgHTxQdKWRxKq8SkFMAtI-u92V1HJwe_SJveA9iqytZZ5X_uCFYkRq/s400/ethereum+nem.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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Lots of new projects and startups are coming into the crypto space. Right now, more than 10 ICOs are running at the same time, and every day we see more and more coming.</div>
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It is very important to focus on the planification and procedures of everything related to blockchain technology when we want to start a new project. The money and confidence of thousands of investors is one of the most difficult things to achieve in this early stage, and The DAO incident is still present in the minds of every single member of the ecosystem.</div>
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Every entrepreneur in the world knows how difficult is to run a startup, and one of the most important things to have in mind is that the confidence of the clients is really difficult to achieve and really easy is to lose, and this behavior is even more accentuated in our sector.</div>
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The blockchain ecosystem has long had massive software catastrophes one after another, and this is probably one of the reasons for its slowed expansion. Because of this, we need now, more than ever, a development framework which lets us build robust applications with the highest level of security possible.</div>
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Nowadays, Ethereum is the blockchain system which provides us more flexibility to build Smart Contract based systems. It has a broad range of development tools made by and for developers, and some of its architecture and security standards have been well defined.</div>
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However, Ethereum contracts are still like legal contracts in the ancient Greek age, where humans had some “secure” and standardized contracts but when they had to write more complex contracts, lots of tricks and backdoors appeared.</div>
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This sticking point for lots of developers and entrepreneurs is one of their highest pains right now.</div>
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We can compare Ethereum with the Android OS. Android, for example, is really useful because it lets developers make mobile apps easily, but one of the tradeoffs for this is the security. Lots of phishing apps have been discovered, and lots of money has been lost because of this broad freedom to create mobile apps provided by Android.</div>
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We also spend lots of time thinking about how to promote adoption on blockchain technology. For this to happen, we probably need some more simple applications which are more secure, so we can promote its use while developing more complex systems and testing them.</div>
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Here’s where NEM kicks in. NEM was built from scratch and has been tested by many banks and big corporations. With extensive enterprise developing experience under their belts, several full-time NEM developers write and execute thousands of tests before every development cycle and release, and this gives NEM a very secure core.</div>
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NEM’s approach is to let developers use a wide range of combinable functionalities which let them build powerful applications based on a closed set of atomic operations, and opens the network to almost any technological combination thanks to its REST API. Notably, mix matching and combining Namespaces (unique domains), Mosaics (customizable assets), 2.0 multisig contracts, and three forms of messaging, allows for a wide variety of application frameworks to be built. By assigning meaning to these different functions and combining these in various ways a wide range of applications are currently under development including apps for transmitting financial value, notarizations, tracking and logistics, voting, land management, ID management, and more.</div>
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NEM's architecture makes it very simple for developers to build blockchain applications in almost every device with the same degree of decentralization and security. To give an example, the NEM NanoWallet can run on a desktop and smartphone without any problem and can be used as a boilerplate to build more complicated applications making customized apps built with it accessible on Windows, Mac, Linux, iOS, and Android.</div>
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Another critical thing for a decentralized application is scalability. Right now, Ethereum can have at most, near 15 transactions per second, while NEM can scale to hundreds of transactions per second, and has already been tested privately and independently to scale to thousands of transactions per second in the Catapult release. Catapult is currently in a closed beta and is scheduled to go live in 2017 if all goes well.</div>
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But the most important thing is the following; NEM has never had a serious security issue. The commitment of the NEM Foundation and the core developers with regards to the security and the availability of the network is of utmost importance, and this gives to the community, third-party developers, and investors a guarantee which is hard to equalize.</div>
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No one doubts on the strong potential of both technologies, and right now NEM seems to be a more stable choice for building new applications which have to support real business models and do so now. Its security and development facilities can let blockchain entrepreneurs focus on relevant problems and not in technical difficulties, and its learning curve is far and away smoother than the Ethereum.</div>
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NEM is great for lots and lots of applications that many people would want and it is easy to build on. Ethereum is better for very specialized projects but needs somebody who has a very high level of skill to do it exactly right. Whereas, in NEM, it’s already done for you, so you can't really hurt yourself if you go wrong.</div>
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NETENhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08288560958633001947noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595345043690107376.post-26635128869787007962017-08-21T14:00:00.000+03:002017-08-21T14:00:00.165+03:00What is Proof-of-Importance (POI) and Why Is It Better, and What Is Vesting?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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What is POI?</div>
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<a href="http://nem.io/NEM_techRef.pdf#section.7">Proof-of-Importance</a>, proof-of-work, and proof-of-stake all have one thing in common. They are all algorithms, which when applied to cryptocurrency help to maintain the order in which blocks are selected. This becomes important when we start to think of things such as double spending. This is where money is spent more than once (fraudulently). For example, some currencies use verification of each transaction in the blockchain to prevent this.</div>
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To understand why NEM's idea of POI is so revolutionary, we first need to understand how POW and POS work.</div>
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POW (Proof-of-Work) was the first system to be implemented and is used by cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and also Scrypt coins such as Dogecoin.</div>
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In order to “earn” these cryptocurrencies, you must use your computer to mine the coin; the greater your machine’s power, the bigger chance you have of earning.</div>
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Why did they make it so that making a block was both expensive and time-consuming? As it requires large computational power to make a block, attacks on the blockchain become harder to carry out as the attacker would have to use an unfeasible amount of resources.</div>
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Note that very many cryptocurrencies (including NEM) have some sort of blockchain explorer, which allows anyone to see any transactions as well as the mining of blocks.</div>
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Blockchain technology can also be used for file sharing and proof of asset ownership, and many other things!</div>
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However, it was not long before people realised the obvious problems.</div>
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Mining (the process in which computational power is used to make new blocks), has very little use.</div>
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As technology gets better, people have to spend more money to get the latest ASICs (machines specifically for mining), meaning, even more energy is wasted.</div>
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It is pointless to try mining with a CPU. You are competing against companies with rooms of ASICs, and electricity costs mean it is a waste of time. For example, if you had a decent CPU hash rate of 0.1kH, in one week you would not even make a cent!</div>
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Another problem is that as the rich can afford expensive ASICs, they only get richer and richer. In other words, wealth is spread very unevenly, with the top 1% in Bitcoin holding 80% of all Bitcoins (starts from 2014). Many of the richest do not actively use their money, meaning that they are contributing very little to the community.</div>
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This was why the POS (Proof-of-Stake) system was introduced. It was implemented first by the well-known Peercoin cryptocurrency. Instead of conventional mining, it asks participants to prove ownership of their “stake,” or how much Peercoin they possess.</div>
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Larger and older sets of coins have a higher probability of signing the next block, and a lot of computing power is saved.</div>
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Again, however, there are problems. Richer users are more likely to sign the next block, and the more blocks they obtain, the richer they get. The problem is the same, richer users will gain wealth much faster than others.</div>
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This is where NEM comes in. Its POI system not only rewards those with a large account balance, but also takes into account how much they transact to others and who they transact with.</div>
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This means that those who actively help the economy and therefore NEM benefit, meaning the right people, are rewarded. Each user is given a trust score, the higher it is, the more chance they have of being rewarded.</div>
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The good thing is that this will mean much more even wealth distribution; anyone who contributes can gain extra XEM (the currency of the NEM network). NEM is great because it gives similar opportunities to everyone. The main aim is to empower regular people.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQBb1HL2KwdWLJDmynUuMW26vPFB8ydqHAyMBTyMiyX9-XNWRGmGVVUCPcmZNb1qCjfHs9B803UMEy9lSoTbFsY4UI0-PGq0ffNg_hnCwXvCrjJ-8lcQFH5Kul7iAvQi4MYfp3U4gp1AtV/s1600/poi.png"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQBb1HL2KwdWLJDmynUuMW26vPFB8ydqHAyMBTyMiyX9-XNWRGmGVVUCPcmZNb1qCjfHs9B803UMEy9lSoTbFsY4UI0-PGq0ffNg_hnCwXvCrjJ-8lcQFH5Kul7iAvQi4MYfp3U4gp1AtV/s640/poi.png" /></a></div>
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This rewarding is done through harvesting, a process in which a node will calculate blocks and they are added to the blockchain.</div>
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To do this you need a vested balance of 10,000 XEM.</div>
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But what is vesting?</div>
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<b>Vesting</b></div>
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When a person first deposits XEM into an account, none of it will be vested. After 24 hours, 10% of the balance becomes vested. After the next 24 hours, another 10% of the remaining unvested balance is then vested. This cycle carries on as long as the XEM is kept in your wallet. If you make a transaction, both vested and unvested coins will be used so that the ratio of unvested:vested coins remains the same.</div>
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The point of this is to build up trust; you have held your coins for a while or you have a very large amount (for example, if you have 100,000 NEM, it will take only 24 hours for you to have 10,000 vested coins).</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcDSS_IV-LNCJw-5epoFVhPYj-PlKgYfCKs2fIJ3aAedKBR1udo-NNpr2CChhjVbFiV8ENyj9C5zUMJZwgctUDkKBKi_Qr6yVvcpMbsWHKb1J0vE-Ch8tv5lTCfLy3qSBT6-cRbCC_nUdu/s1600/vested.png"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcDSS_IV-LNCJw-5epoFVhPYj-PlKgYfCKs2fIJ3aAedKBR1udo-NNpr2CChhjVbFiV8ENyj9C5zUMJZwgctUDkKBKi_Qr6yVvcpMbsWHKb1J0vE-Ch8tv5lTCfLy3qSBT6-cRbCC_nUdu/s640/vested.png" /></a></div>
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Once you have enough vested coins, you can mine either through local harvesting or delegated harvesting.</div>
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Local harvesting is much easier to setup, but has more disadvantages than delegated harvesting.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNLq7AV5EdfS6YZNlDvQu6hessLkeQ4vK09faFuhdPO8c9rPUpTuDYgduTvFNnpOTIhnEEbqh79acvMPAoMpmPqXBjsHnKCYsIPrJDak9d6GvypuoDBan1Ek2av9TOjo9dndxrvlcDeTat/s1600/harvest.png"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNLq7AV5EdfS6YZNlDvQu6hessLkeQ4vK09faFuhdPO8c9rPUpTuDYgduTvFNnpOTIhnEEbqh79acvMPAoMpmPqXBjsHnKCYsIPrJDak9d6GvypuoDBan1Ek2av9TOjo9dndxrvlcDeTat/s640/harvest.png" /></a></div>
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To start local harvesting, select harvested blocks from the left-hand menu, then click “Start local harvesting.”</div>
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If you are interested in setting up delegated harvesting, please go <a href="http://blog.nem.io/how-local-and-delegated-harvesting-works/">here</a></div>
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NETENhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08288560958633001947noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595345043690107376.post-33112392222984685142017-08-21T12:00:00.000+03:002017-08-21T12:00:27.941+03:00Cloud Native Landscape<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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NETENhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08288560958633001947noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595345043690107376.post-14974481715567911762017-08-21T09:01:00.000+03:002017-08-21T09:01:01.292+03:00What's the difference between XEM, BTC, and ETH?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Ever since the dawn of currency, currency was controlled by a central entity. This central entity could decide to do whatever it wanted with its currency. It could weaken it, strengthen it, take it away from you, anything. The money was only valuable because this central entity said it was. The sad part is, we're still using this form of currency today - in the form of your dollars, euros, yen, or anything of that sort.<br /><br />In 2008 a man calling himself Satoshi Nakamoto decided he wanted to fix all this, and created the original cryptocurrency - Bitcoin. Bitcoin was a great and innovative idea, and it created the idea of the blockchain. The blockchain is a public ledger of every transaction that ever occurred, and as such could be verified by anyone.<br /><br />Now it's 2016, and there are hundreds of other cryptocurrencies out there, so I'm going to explain to you the pros and cons of the larger ones, and why XEM is really the way to go.</div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Bitcoin</span></b><br />Bitcoin was the original. As we have seen, the original is not always best - but it still was innovative. It uses a public ledger called a blockchain for security, but that's about the only security measure added.<br /><br />The ideas in Bitcoin are applied to both Ethereum and NEM, and a simple rundown of all of this can be found in <a href="https://youtu.be/Gc2en3nHxA4">this video</a>, created around the time bitcoin started becoming popular.<br /><br />The ideas behind bitcoin have been used in every cryptocurrency since, so it’s important to understand how a transaction in Bitcoin works.</div>
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<br /><br /><br />As far as all the advantages of Bitcoin, NEM and Ethereum both do whatever Bitcoin can, but better.<br /><br /><img height="100" src="https://www.freebsdnews.com/wp-content/uploads/ETHEREUM_NAV-BAR-LOGO.png" width="400" /><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Ethereum</b></span><br />If you want to know how a transaction works in Ethereum, look at the infographic about Bitcoin, it works the exact same way.<br /><br />Ethereum is really big right now because it includes two main features over Bitcoin.</div>
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<li>Smart Contracts allow you to write applications in the blockchain that usually run as programmed.</li>
<li>'ASIC-proof' algorithm makes it profitable to mine for people without expensive hardware.</li>
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The asic-proof algorithm is still proof-of-work however, and so it suffers from the same exact pitfalls that Bitcoin suffers from.<br /><br />The cryptocurrency community really loved smart contracts for a while. The way it was advertised was absolutely brilliant. "World Computer." "Applications that run as programmed with no possibility of downtime." Except, maybe it works a little too well.<br /><br />Recently the largest smart contract in Ethereum was hacked, due to a fatal flaw with Solidity and how smart contracts work. <a href="http://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/ethereum-is-doomed/">This guy</a> explains it well, which notes that if there is a smart contract vulnerability (which we just saw happen in an audited smart contract) - the hacker can legally take off with the funds. This is absolute heaven for a hacker.<br /><br /><img height="300" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Nem_logo.svg/1000px-Nem_logo.svg.png" width="400" /><br /><br /><br /><b><span style="font-size: large;">NEM</span></b><br /><br />NEM uses PoI, also known as proof-of-importance. This means that (unlike Bitcoin and Ethereum), NEM is environmentally friendly, and more secure. Unlike mining Bitcoin and Ethereum, network upkeep does not require hundreds and thousands of electricity hogging mining machines. A NEM node can be run on a computer as simple and cheap as a Raspberry Pi, which is only $35 and takes up very little electricity. PoI also encourages people to actually use NEM, rather than just hoard it. For a more detailed explanation, check out the previous article comparing PoW, PoS, and PoI.<br /><br />NEM is also superior in security. It uses EigenTrust++ for node reputation, which is not used in any other cryptocurrency, and strengthens the security of the network considerably. It also uses localized spam protection, which shuts down spammers, and only the spammers, when the network is at full capacity. Both are only found in NEM.<br /><br />NEM was built with a two tier design in mind as well. If you want a wallet, you don’t need a full node and a copy of the blockchain. Instead, you can just connect to any node, and have access to all the same features without trusting it. Even a malicious node has no access to your funds, and the worst it can do is just not work. In order to make sure that nodes continue to operate, the developers created a supernode program, which gives a greater incentive for people to maintain the network for years to come.<br /><br />NEM isn’t only better in the security aspect, however. It also brings a lot of new or improved features to the table. Unlike Bitcoin, multi-signature accounts are on the blockchain, and do not require trusting a third party in order to have a multi-signature account. Ethereum does have contracts, but you need to write it yourself, which means that pretty much only developers can do it. As mentioned in the Ethereum section, this can be very, very hard to do right due to the language in which smart contracts are written. NEM has made making or editing multi-signature contracts as easy as a few clicks.<br /><br />Another advanced feature is mosaics. This works similar to colored coins (custom currencies) in bitcoin, but is done completely on chain, rather than requiring the trust of a third party. The names of these colored coins are based off of namespaces, which are similar to how domain names work on the internet. Once a namespace is created, no one can claim the same one, and the owner can make unlimited subdomains.<br /><br />A platform is never complete without messaging, however, and NEM includes either encrypted or unencrypted messaging between addresses, completely through the network. There’s even hex messaging for developers.<br /><br />While Ethereum and Bitcoin are rewarding miners for making blocks, they aren’t giving incentives for running full nodes and supporting network throughput. NEM has a program called Supernodes that rewards people for running high powered nodes that serve light wallets with data quickly and securely. These rewards were set aside during the first block of the NEM network and are planned to last for years. In the event that the supernode funds do run out, there is always incentive to maintain the network. Anyone with 10,000 XEM can make a harvesting node, and collect transaction fees based on their PoI score. And instead of having to buy powerful and expensive mining equipment that uses high amounts of electricity, NEM harvesters can run a node on a computer as simple as a Raspberry Pi.<br /><br />We are the first private/public blockchain, which is the same system that was used to create Linux, widely accepted as the most secure OS in the business world. NEM was built by experienced developers and was built for scalability and stability from day one. We are also currently the only platform that has been stress tested by banks and approved for financial use. Other currencies have been tested, but haven’t shared any proof, but all of our tests are open for anyone to see the results for.<br /><br />NEM also has tried to make it as easy as possible for third parties to build on the blockchain. In platforms like Bitcoin most third party developers are locked into using one centralized service like Coinbase or Bitpay to build their ecosystem. This means that they rely on these services to build, update, and maintain APIs. And at Ethereum each developer will write their own code for contracts, which is much more versatile and flexible but as mentioned before comes with a risk that the developer must know exactly what they are doing. NEM on the other hand offers a full set of rich and easy to use JSON/restful APIs that work across the entire network with any node, and work with a large variety of calls including all transaction types.<br /><br />All of this was built from 100% new code, and as such does not hit any of the pitfalls of the other two platforms. However, it can still benefit from the advantages of the other platforms, as it also uses the blockchain.<br /><br />If you skipped all of that because you don’t like giant walls of text, here’s an easier to digest infographic.<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTn8LitILaAtTnJm0Ove-KNDGHj79WxmnnElADmlW0xAyjMnP93zDOUWDpa3CH-WAsdMXUVcGaw08GdTUAk_Q_yhHq4GgCPq-VtwR0MKC__ZMALIvm66z90y_2rXmd254F3xtcNbi7pCEl/s1600/NEM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTn8LitILaAtTnJm0Ove-KNDGHj79WxmnnElADmlW0xAyjMnP93zDOUWDpa3CH-WAsdMXUVcGaw08GdTUAk_Q_yhHq4GgCPq-VtwR0MKC__ZMALIvm66z90y_2rXmd254F3xtcNbi7pCEl/s1600/NEM.png" /></a></div>
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NETENhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08288560958633001947noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595345043690107376.post-20102824387693164932017-08-20T18:13:00.001+03:002017-08-20T18:13:48.774+03:00"C" is the center of Security<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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After every major breach, there is a wave of information on security technologies which could have prevented it. Conferences have hundreds of companies exhibiting their cool technologies, differentiators and success stories. The research firms publish informative findings, guides, quadrants, waves etc. and most products and solutions are good if implemented and used well. So, in some ways, we have abundance of security controls and technologies. </div>
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We often talk about coming together to fight the bad actors. Industry groups of companies sharing experiences, Government and industry partnerships etc. are examples. These initiatives have been successful to the extent possible considering business and competitive pressures. </div>
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There is a need for collaboration between security vendors to help clients manage risk. Risk managers don’t create a single dimensional posture with dependence on one technology, that goes against the basic principles of risk management. So, naturally the collaboration between security technologies is important.</div>
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This collaboration, the “C” in Security, is manifesting itself in three models:</div>
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<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 2.4rem 0px 2.4rem 3.2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><u style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Security Marketplaces</u>: Large platform players have marketplaces (Splunkbase, IBM AppExchange, Cisco etc.) enabling other security products to publish their “apps”. The idea is clients of the platform's can simply download the apps for desired functionality. </li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 2.4rem 0px 2.4rem 3.2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><u style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Security API’s</u>: Companies have published API’s, enabling relevant integrations with other technologies. These API’s typically provide information & data which can be ingested for enhancements or actions.</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 2.4rem 0px 2.4rem 3.2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><u style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Security Apps</u>: To enhance its functionality and value, companies are creating apps for the marketplaces & integrations to the API's. This provides an excellent platform for niche companies to join the ecosystem, the Digital business of security.</li>
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The good news is that these models are not just driven out of the “good to have” need of collaboration, but have the “must have” commercial model and are utilizing the Digital way.</div>
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The “C” in Security is here to stay and grow. </div>
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NETENhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08288560958633001947noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595345043690107376.post-88323067984664598542017-08-20T18:00:00.001+03:002017-08-20T18:00:12.528+03:00Three most Common Cloud Native Development and Deployment Model<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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1. Kubernetes: (Containers) Full control over infrastructure<span style="font-size: 13.2px;">and maximum portability.</span></div>
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2. CloudFoundry: (Applications) Focus on the applications and let the platform handle the rest.<br />
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3. Apache OpenWhisk: (Functions) Auto-Scaled, event-driven applications that respond to a variety of triggers.</div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="485" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="//www.slideshare.net/slideshow/embed_code/key/qHxJdatmEeibpR" style="border-width: 1px; border: 1px solid #ccc; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%;" width="595"> </iframe> <br />
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<strong> <a href="https://www.slideshare.net/DanielKrook/containers-vs-serverless-navigating-application-deployment-options" target="_blank" title="Containers vs serverless - Navigating application deployment options">Containers vs serverless - Navigating application deployment options</a> </strong> from <strong><a href="https://www.slideshare.net/DanielKrook" target="_blank">Daniel Krook</a></strong> </div>
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NETENhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08288560958633001947noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595345043690107376.post-55941512129948622862017-08-13T12:30:00.000+03:002017-08-13T12:30:00.255+03:00Blockchain is the Future of Healthcare<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br /><br />Everything we know about health care can benefit from blockchain technology. Especially when it comes to medical records, sharing patient information, and making data more interoperable. Right now, there are a lot of intermediaries involved in sharing patient data as very few systems are compatible with one another. The blockchain will effectively create a new model for the exchange of health information. Electronic records are the way forward. However, they need to be made more efficient, secure, and no longer reliant on intermediaries.<br /><br />Overcoming all of those challenges will not be easy, though. A blockchain-powered healthcare ecosystem would raise the bar as far as interoperability is concerned. Eliminating friction and reducing costs associated with using current systems will create a healthier ecosystem for all parties involved. Now is the time to capitalize on this technology and its momentum.<br /><br />Additionally, using blockchain will help in generating valuable insights. Being able to see the proverbial bigger picture will benefit both patients and healthcare personnel alike. Moreover, it will help improve the value of care as well. All of this will require a universal blockchain system connecting health care facilities from all over the world. Using private blockchains which only require approved partners to examine and share data is not a viable strategy for the healthcare sector by any means.<br /><br />“While digital technology has dramatically transformed the management of our financial information and transactions, most of us have not seen such gains when it comes to our health data. As the world watches the adoption of blockchain as a new model of decentralization and security for financial services, we believe the time has arrived when the health sector can finally offer the freedom to own our health data using a smart wallet to manage private and public keys with different levels of permission. This will enable patients to share data on an as needed basis with trusted providers.”<br /><br />– Dr. Rhea Mehta<br /><br />There are indeed economic, technical, and behavioral challenges that are faced by the current healthcare models. No one has built a large-scale blockchain ecosystem for the healthcare sector to date. That situation will come to change sooner rather than later, with companies like Bowhead Health working toward bringing blockchain technology to the medical sector as we speak. These unique opportunities need to be taken advantage of with properly developed proofs of concept.<br /><br /><br /><br /></div>
NETENhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08288560958633001947noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595345043690107376.post-15405656299207998342017-08-12T20:17:00.000+03:002017-08-13T05:58:08.670+03:00Open Source Dashboard Softwares - Business Intelligence<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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https://www.predictiveanalyticstoday.com/open-source-dashboard-software/<br />
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https://logz.io/blog/business-intelligence-tools/<br />
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NETENhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08288560958633001947noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595345043690107376.post-79581653044531757572017-08-12T12:27:00.002+03:002017-08-12T12:27:57.347+03:00Visualized history of the cryptocurrencies<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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http://mapofcoins.com/bitcoin<br />
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NETENhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08288560958633001947noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595345043690107376.post-40376647878124161302017-08-12T08:24:00.001+03:002017-08-12T08:24:44.527+03:00Ultimate Cryptocurrency Guide<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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https://cryptocoinmastery.com/the-ultimate-cryptocurrency-guide-everything-you-need-to-know/<br />
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<a class="cf-tweet-this cf-tt-target cf-tt-enabled cf-tt-out-of-bounds cf-tt-out-of-bounds-top cf-tt-element-attached-top cf-tt-element-attached-center cf-tt-target-attached-bottom cf-tt-target-attached-center" href="https://cryptocoinmastery.com/the-ultimate-cryptocurrency-guide-everything-you-need-to-know/#tab-con-1" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;">Part 1: Introduction to the World of Cryptocurrencies</a></div>
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<a href="https://cryptocoinmastery.com/the-ultimate-cryptocurrency-guide-everything-you-need-to-know/#tab-con-2" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;">How Cryptocurrencies Work</a></div>
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<a href="https://cryptocoinmastery.com/the-ultimate-cryptocurrency-guide-everything-you-need-to-know/#tab-con-3" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;">What are Confirmations?</a></div>
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<a href="https://cryptocoinmastery.com/the-ultimate-cryptocurrency-guide-everything-you-need-to-know/#tab-con-4" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;">Choosing a Safe Wallet</a></div>
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<a href="https://cryptocoinmastery.com/the-ultimate-cryptocurrency-guide-everything-you-need-to-know/#tab-con-10" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;">Best Offline Wallets</a></div>
<div class="tve_ct_level1" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 6px 0px 4px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 488.5px;">
<a href="https://cryptocoinmastery.com/the-ultimate-cryptocurrency-guide-everything-you-need-to-know/#tab-con-11" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;">Best Online Wallets</a></div>
<div class="tve_ct_level2" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 3px 0px 1px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 60px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 488.5px;">
<a href="https://cryptocoinmastery.com/the-ultimate-cryptocurrency-guide-everything-you-need-to-know/#tab-con-12" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;">Bitcoin Wallets</a></div>
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<a href="https://cryptocoinmastery.com/the-ultimate-cryptocurrency-guide-everything-you-need-to-know/#tab-con-13" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;">Ethereum and Altcoin Wallets</a></div>
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<a href="https://cryptocoinmastery.com/the-ultimate-cryptocurrency-guide-everything-you-need-to-know/#tab-con-5" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;">Cryptocurrency Exchanges</a></div>
<div class="tve_ct_level1" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 6px 0px 4px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 488.5px;">
<a href="https://cryptocoinmastery.com/the-ultimate-cryptocurrency-guide-everything-you-need-to-know/#tab-con-18" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;">The Most Reputable Exchanges</a></div>
<div class="tve_ct_level2" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 3px 0px 1px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 60px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 488.5px;">
<a href="https://cryptocoinmastery.com/the-ultimate-cryptocurrency-guide-everything-you-need-to-know/#tab-con-14" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;">Coinbase</a></div>
<div class="tve_ct_level2" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 3px 0px 1px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 60px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 488.5px;">
<a href="https://cryptocoinmastery.com/the-ultimate-cryptocurrency-guide-everything-you-need-to-know/#tab-con-15" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;">Kraken</a></div>
<div class="tve_ct_level2" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 3px 0px 1px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 60px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 488.5px;">
<a href="https://cryptocoinmastery.com/the-ultimate-cryptocurrency-guide-everything-you-need-to-know/#tab-con-16" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;">Poloniex</a></div>
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<a href="https://cryptocoinmastery.com/the-ultimate-cryptocurrency-guide-everything-you-need-to-know/#tab-con-17" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;">BitTrex</a></div>
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<div class="tve_ct_level0" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin: 10px 0px 5px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 488.5px;">
<a href="https://cryptocoinmastery.com/the-ultimate-cryptocurrency-guide-everything-you-need-to-know/#tab-con-6" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;">Buying, Selling and Trading Your Coins</a></div>
<div class="tve_ct_level1" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 6px 0px 4px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 488.5px;">
<a href="https://cryptocoinmastery.com/the-ultimate-cryptocurrency-guide-everything-you-need-to-know/#tab-con-7" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;">Cashing Out Your Gains</a></div>
<div class="tve_ct_level2" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 3px 0px 1px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 60px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 488.5px;">
<a href="https://cryptocoinmastery.com/the-ultimate-cryptocurrency-guide-everything-you-need-to-know/#tab-con-9" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;">Changelly</a></div>
<div class="tve_ct_level2" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 3px 0px 1px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 60px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 488.5px;">
<a href="https://cryptocoinmastery.com/the-ultimate-cryptocurrency-guide-everything-you-need-to-know/#tab-con-19" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;">Coinbase</a></div>
<div class="tve_ct_level2" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 3px 0px 1px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 60px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 488.5px;">
<a href="https://cryptocoinmastery.com/the-ultimate-cryptocurrency-guide-everything-you-need-to-know/#tab-con-20" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;">QuadrigaCX</a></div>
<div class="tve_ct_level2" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 3px 0px 1px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 60px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 488.5px;">
<a href="https://cryptocoinmastery.com/the-ultimate-cryptocurrency-guide-everything-you-need-to-know/#tab-con-21" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;">CryptoPay</a></div>
<div class="tve_ct_level2" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 3px 0px 1px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 60px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 488.5px;">
<a href="https://cryptocoinmastery.com/the-ultimate-cryptocurrency-guide-everything-you-need-to-know/#tab-con-22" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;">LocalBitcoins</a></div>
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<div class="tve_ct_level0" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin: 10px 0px 5px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 488.5px;">
<a href="https://cryptocoinmastery.com/the-ultimate-cryptocurrency-guide-everything-you-need-to-know/#tab-con-8" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;">Investing in ICO's</a></div>
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<a href="https://cryptocoinmastery.com/the-ultimate-cryptocurrency-guide-everything-you-need-to-know/#tab-con-32" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;">Part 1 Conclusion</a></div>
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<a href="https://cryptocoinmastery.com/the-ultimate-cryptocurrency-guide-everything-you-need-to-know/#tab-con-23" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;">Part 2: Technical Analysis Training</a></div>
<div class="tve_ct_level1" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 6px 0px 4px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 488.5px;">
<a href="https://cryptocoinmastery.com/the-ultimate-cryptocurrency-guide-everything-you-need-to-know/#tab-con-24" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;">Introduction to Technical Analysis</a></div>
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<a href="https://cryptocoinmastery.com/the-ultimate-cryptocurrency-guide-everything-you-need-to-know/#tab-con-25" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;">Gain Focused Trading Strategy</a></div>
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<a href="https://cryptocoinmastery.com/the-ultimate-cryptocurrency-guide-everything-you-need-to-know/#tab-con-26" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;">Fundamental vs Technical Trading</a></div>
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<a href="https://cryptocoinmastery.com/the-ultimate-cryptocurrency-guide-everything-you-need-to-know/#tab-con-27" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;">Chart Setup</a></div>
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<a href="https://cryptocoinmastery.com/the-ultimate-cryptocurrency-guide-everything-you-need-to-know/#tab-con-28" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;">Volume Tutorial</a></div>
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<a href="https://cryptocoinmastery.com/the-ultimate-cryptocurrency-guide-everything-you-need-to-know/#tab-con-29" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;">RSI Tutorial</a></div>
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<a href="https://cryptocoinmastery.com/the-ultimate-cryptocurrency-guide-everything-you-need-to-know/#tab-con-30" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;">MACD Tutorial</a></div>
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<a href="https://cryptocoinmastery.com/the-ultimate-cryptocurrency-guide-everything-you-need-to-know/#tab-con-31" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;">Bonus Content!</a></div>
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NETENhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08288560958633001947noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595345043690107376.post-47741954396719670662017-08-01T17:28:00.000+03:002017-08-01T17:28:03.740+03:00Why the DEVOPS model is here to stay<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br /><br /><br /><br /><br />The DEVOPS model may seem like just another one of those terms which management gets enamored with every few years but it is much more than that. The DEVOPS model will probably be the main way that development is done going into the future. We are sure that not only will it be the main way to develop software but that it will bleed out into other industries as well and become the main way of designing and developing new products and services. Here are a few reasons why.<div>
<br /><span style="font-size: large;">DEVOPS enables user-centric products</span><br />How many times have you been using software and gotten frustrated and asked “Who the hell made this software?”The answer is “a person who will never use the software”. Bad design almost always comes from developers and designers who don’t really know the use case of the software. DEVOPS involves users in the development phase of the software which allows it to be user-friendly at its core. This is why DEVOPS is so important – it allows the people who will end up utilizing the software make important contributions in its creation and design.<div>
<br /><span style="font-size: large;">We cannot expect developers to know everything</span><br />There is a huge problem in software design and development which DEVOPS solves. Development can only be done by developers. However developers are almost never the end users of the software they are creating. Imagine that you want a software to be made which helps architects design houses and buildings. Who will you hire to build the software? Developers, obviously. Yet at the same time you cannot expect developers to know about architecture as well.<br /><br />This problem is replicated in pretty much every industry out there. You want software that helps the agriculture industry? Developers don’t know anything about agriculture and agriculture experts don’t know anything about software. The DEVOPS model solves this big problem by enabling the users and developers to work together. If there are any fundamental flaws in the way the software operates they can be eliminated at the design phase before the developers waste their time creating software that is of no use to anyone.</div>
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<br /><span style="font-size: large;">It increases success levels</span><br />Due to the reasons discussed above, DEVOPS results in software that works better than ever before. There are many horror stories of companies that spent millions developing software and solutions that their employees could never use properly and they ended up taking a huge loss. DEVOPS ensures that horror stories like this won’t happen. Developers are free to focus on the features that will be the most helpful for users because the users are right there to tell them what they need. There is no guess-work involved and thus there is a much, much lower chance that things will end in failure. DEVOPS isn’t just a new way to work – it is the understanding that the mistakes which happened previously happened because of the information and communication gap between users and developers. The sooner we close this gap the better it will be for all of us.<br /><br /><br /><br /></div>
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NETENhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08288560958633001947noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595345043690107376.post-11273975796956371632017-07-31T20:25:00.002+03:002017-07-31T20:25:39.310+03:00Big Data and Hadoop Interview Questions and Answers<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />What is BIG DATA?<br /><br />Big Data represents a huge and complex data that is difficult to capture, store, process, retrieve and analyze with the help of on-hand traditional database management tools.<br /><br /><br />What are the three major characteristics of Big Data?<br /><br />According to IBM, the three characteristics of Big Data are:<br /><br />Volume: Facebook generating 500+ terabytes of data per day.<br /><br />Velocity: Analyzing 2 million records each day to identify the reason for losses.<br /><br />Variety: images, audio, video, sensor data, log files, etc.<br /><br /><br />What is Hadoop?<br /><br />Hadoop is a framework that allows distributed processing of large data sets across clusters of commodity hardware(computers) using a simple programming model.<br /><br /><br />What is the basic difference between traditional RDBMS and Hadoop?<br /><br />Traditional RDBMS is used for transactional systems to store and process the data, whereas Hadoop is used to store and process large amount of data in the distributed file system.<br /><br /><br />What are the basic components of Hadoop?<br /><br />HDFS and MapReduce are the basic components of hadoop.<br /><br />HDFS is used to store large data sets and MapReduce is used to process such large data sets.<br /><br /><br />What is HDFS?<br /><br />HDFS stands for Hadoop Distributed File System and it is designed for storing very large files with streaming data access patterns, running clusters on commodity hardware.<br /><br /><br />What is Map Reduce?<br /><br />Map Reduce is a java based programming paradigm of Hadoop framework that provides scalability across various Hadoop clusters<br /><br /><br />How Map Reduce works in Hadoop?<br /><br />MapReduce distributes the workload into two different jobs namely 1. Map job and 2. Reduce job that can run in parallel.<br /><br />1.The Map job breaks down the data sets into key-value pairs or tuples.<br /><br />2.The Reduce job then takes the output of the map job and combines the data tuples into smaller set of tuples.<br /><br /><br />What is a Name node?<br /><br />Name node is the master node on which job tracker runs and consists of the metadata. It maintains and manages the blocks which are present on the data nodes. It is a high-availability machine and single point of failure in HDFS.<br /><br /><br />What is a Data node?<br /><br />Data nodes are the slaves which are deployed on each machine and provide the actual storage. These are responsible for serving read and write requests for the clients.<br /><br /><br />What is a job tracker?<br /><br />Job tracker is a daemon that runs on a name node for submitting and tracking MapReduce jobs in Hadoop. It assigns the tasks to the different task tracker. In a Hadoop cluster, there will be only one job tracker but many task trackers. If the job tracker goes down all the running jobs are halted.<br /><br /><br />How job tracker works?<br /><br />When a client submits a job, the job tracker will initialize the job and divide the work and assign them to different task trackers to perform MapReduce tasks.<br /><br /><br />What is a task tracker?<br /><br />Task tracker is also a daemon that runs on data nodes. Task Trackers manage the execution of individual tasks on slave node.<br /><br /><br />How task tracker works?<br /><br />Task tracker is majorly responsible to execute the work assigned by the job tracker and while performing this action, the task tracker will be simultaneously communicating with job tracker by sending heartbeat.<br /><br /><br />What is Heart beat?<br /><br />Task tracker communicate with job tracker by sending heartbeat based on which Job tracker decides whether the assigned task is completed or not. If the job tracker does not receive heartbeat from task tracker within specified time, then it will assume that task tracker has crashed and assign that task to another task tracker in the cluster.<br /><br /><br />Is Namenode machine same as datanode machine as in terms of hardware?<br /><br />It depends upon the cluster you are trying to create. The Hadoop VM can be there on the same machine or on another machine. For instance, in a single node cluster, there is only one machine, whereas in the development or in a testing environment, Namenode and datanodes are on different machines.<br /><br /><br />What is a commodity hardware?<br /><br />Commodity hardware is a non-expensive systems which is not of high quality or high-availability. Hadoop can be installed in any average commodity hardware. We don’t need super computers or high-end hardware to work on Hadoop.<br /><br /><br />Is Namenode also a commodity?<br /><br />No. Namenode can never be a commodity hardware because the entire HDFS rely on it. It is the single point of failure in HDFS. Namenode has to be a high-availability machine.<br /><br /><br />What is a metadata?<br /><br />Metadata is the information about the data stored in datanodes such as location of the file, size of the file and so on.<br /><br /><br />What is a daemon?<br /><br />Daemon is a process or service that runs in background. In general, we use this word in UNIX environment. The equivalent of Daemon in Windows is “services” and in Dos is ” TSR”.<br /><br /><br />Are Namenode and job tracker on the same host?<br /><br />No, in practical environment, Namenode is on a separate host and job tracker is on a separate host.<br /><br /><br />What is a ‘block’ in HDFS?<br /><br />A ‘block’ is the minimum amount of data of default block size 64MB that can be read or written from or to the HDFS.<br /><br /><br />If a data Node is full how it’s identified?<br /><br />When data is stored in datanode, then the metadata of that data will be stored in<br /><br />the Namenode. So Namenode will identify if the data node is full.<br /><br /><br />If datanodes increase, then do we need to upgrade Namenode?<br /><br />While installing the Hadoop system, Namenode is determined based on the size of<br /><br />the clusters. Most of the time, we do not need to upgrade the Namenode because<br /><br />it does not store the actual data, but just the metadata, so such a requirement<br /><br />rarely arise.<br /><br /><br />On what basis Namenode will decide which datanode to write on?<br /><br />As the Namenode has the metadata (information) related to all the data nodes, it knows which datanode is free.<br /><br /><br />Is client the end user in HDFS?<br /><br />No, Client is an application which runs on your machine, which is used to interact with the Namenode (job tracker) or datanode (task tracker).<br /><br /><br />What is a rack?<br /><br />Rack is a storage area with all the datanodes put together. These datanodes can be physically located at different places. Rack is a physical collection of datanodes which are stored at a single location. There can be multiple racks in a single location.<br /><br /><br />What is Hadoop Single Point Of Failure (SPOF)<br /><br />If the Namenode fails, the entire Hadoop system goes down. This is called Hadoop Single Point Of Failure.<br /><br /><br />What is a Secondary Namenode?<br /><br />The secondary Namenode constantly reads the data from the RAM of the Namenode and writes it into the hard disk or the file system.<br /><br /><br />Which are the three modes in which Hadoop can be run?<br /><br />The three modes in which Hadoop can be run are:<br /><br />1.standalone (local) mode<br /><br />2.Pseudo-distributed mode<br /><br />3.Fully distributed mode<br /><br /><br />What are the features of Stand alone (local) mode?<br /><br />In stand-alone mode there are no daemons, everything runs on a single JVM. It has no DFS and utilizes the local file system. Stand-alone mode is suitable only for running MapReduce programs during development. It is one of the most least used environments.<br /><br /><br />What are the features of Pseudo mode?<br /><br />Pseudo mode is used both for development and in the QA environment. In the<br /><br />Pseudo mode all the daemons run on the same machine.<br /><br /><br />Can we call VMs as pseudos?<br /><br />No, VMs are not pseudos because VM is something different and pesudo is very<br /><br />specific to Hadoop.<br /><br /><br />What are the features of Fully Distributed mode?<br /><br />Fully Distributed mode is used in the production environment, where we have ‘n’<br /><br />number of machines forming a Hadoop cluster. Hadoop daemons run on a cluster<br /><br />of machines. There is one host onto which Namenode is running and another host<br /><br />on which datanode is running and then there are machines on which task tracker<br /><br />is running. We have separate masters and separate slaves in this distribution.<br /><br /><br />In which directory Hadoop is installed?<br /><br />Cloudera and Apache has the same directory structure. Hadoop is installed in<br /><br />cd/usr/lib/hadoop/<br /><br /><br />What are the port numbers of Namenode, job tracker and task tracker?<br /><br />The port number for Namenode is ’50070′, for job tracker is ’50030′ and for task<br /><br />tracker is ’50060′.<br /><br /><br />What is the Hadoop-core configuration?<br /><br />Hadoop core is configured by two xml files:<br /><br />1.hadoop-default.xml which was renamed to<br /><br />2.hadoop-site.xml.<br /><br />These files are written in xml format. We have certain properties in these xml files,<br /><br />which consist of name and value.<br /><br /><br />What are the Hadoop configuration files at present?<br /><br />There are 3 configuration files in Hadoop:<br /><br />1.core-site.xml<br /><br />2.hdfs-site.xml<br /><br />3.mapred-site.xml<br /><br />These files are located in thehadoop/conf/subdirectory.<br /><br /><br />How to exit the Vi editor?<br /><br />To exit the Vi Editor, press ESC and type :q and then press enter.<br /><br /><br />Which are the three main hdfs-site.xml properties?<br /><br />The three main hdfs-site.xml properties are:<br /><br />1.dfs.name.dir which gives you the location on which metadata will be stored and<br /><br />where DFS is located – on disk or onto the remote.<br /><br />2.dfs.data.dir which gives you the location where the data is going to be stored.<br /><br />3.fs.checkpoint.dir which is for secondary Namenode.<br /><br /><br />What is Cloudera and why it is used?<br /><br />Cloudera is the distribution of Hadoop. It is a user created on VM by default.<br /><br />Cloudera belongs to Apache and is used for data processing.<br /><br /><br />How can I restart Namenode?<br /><br />1.Click on stop-all.sh and then click on start-all.sh OR<br /><br />2.Write sudo hdfs (press enter), su-hdfs (press enter), /etc/init.d/ha (press enter)<br /><br />and then /etc/init.d/hadoop-namenode start (press enter).<br /><br /><br />What does ‘jps’ command do?<br /><br />This command checks whether your Namenode, datanode, task tracker, job<br /><br />tracker, etc are working or not.<br /><br /><br />How can we check whether Namenode is working or not?<br /><br />To check whether Namenode is working or not, use the command<br /><br />/etc/init.d/hadoop-namenode status.<br /><br /><br />How can we look for the Namenode in the browser?<br /><br />If you have to look for Namenode in the browser, you don’t have to give<br /><br />localhost:8021, the port number to look for Namenode in the brower is 50070.<br /><br /><br />Which files are used by the startup and shutdown commands?<br /><br />Slaves and Masters are used by the startup and the shutdown commands.<br /><br /><br />What do slaves consist of?<br /><br />Slaves consist of a list of hosts, one per line, that host datanode and task tracker<br /><br />servers.<br /><br /><br />What do masters consist of?<br /><br />Masters contain a list of hosts, one per line, that are to host secondary namenode<br /><br />servers.<br /><br /><br />What does hadoop-env.sh do?<br /><br />hadoop-env.sh provides the environment for Hadoop to run. JAVA_HOME is set<br /><br />over here.<br /><br /><br />Can we have multiple entries in the master files?<br /><br />Yes, we can have multiple entries in the Master files.<br /><br /><br />Where is hadoop-env.sh file present?<br /><br />hadoop-env.sh file is present in the conf location.<br /><br /><br />In Hadoop_PID_DIR, what does PID stands for?<br /><br />PID stands for ‘Process ID’.<br /><br /><br />What does /var/hadoop/pids do?<br /><br />It stores the PID.<br /><br /><br />What does hadoop-metrics.properties file do?<br /><br />hadoop-metrics.properties is used for ‘Reporting‘ purposes. It controls the reporting<br /><br />for Hadoop. The default status is ‘not to report‘.<br /><br /><br />What are the network requirements for Hadoop?<br /><br />The Hadoop core uses Shell (SSH) to launch the server processes on the slave<br /><br />nodes. It requires password-less SSH connection between the master and all the<br /><br />slaves and the secondary machines.<br /><br /><br />On which port does SSH work?<br /><br />SSH works on Port No. 22, though it can be configured. 22 is the default Port<br /><br />number.<br /><br /><br />Can you tell us more about SSH?<br /><br />SSH is nothing but a secure shell communication, it is a kind of a protocol that<br /><br />works on a Port No. 22, and when you do an SSH, what you really require is a<br /><br />password.<br /><br /><br />Why password is needed in SSH localhost?<br /><br />Password is required in SSH for security and in a situation where passwordless<br /><br />communication is not set.<br /><br /><br />Do we need to give a password, even if the key is added in SSH?<br /><br />Yes, password is still required even if the key is added in SSH.<br /><br /><br />What if a Namenode has no data?<br /><br />If a Namenode has no data it is not a Namenode. Practically, Namenode will have<br /><br />some data.<br /><br /><br />What happens to job tracker when Namenode is down?<br /><br />When Namenode is down, your cluster is OFF, this is because Namenode is the<br /><br />single point of failure in HDFS.<br /><br /><br />What happens to a Namenode, when job tracker is down?<br /><br />When a job tracker is down, it will not be functional but Namenode will be present.<br /><br />So, cluster is accessible if Namenode is working, even if the job tracker is not<br /><br />working.<br /><br /><br />Can you give us some more details about SSH communication between Masters and the Slaves?<br /><br />SSH is a password-less secure communication where data packets are sent across<br /><br />the slave. It has some format into which data is sent across. SSH is not only between<br /><br />masters and slaves but also between two hosts.<br /><br /><br />What is formatting of the DFS?<br /><br />Just like we do for Windows, DFS is formatted for proper structuring. It is not<br /><br />usually done as it formats the Namenode too.<br /><br /><br />Does the HDFS client decide the input split or Namenode?<br /><br />No, the Client does not decide. It is already specified in one of the configurations<br /><br />through which input split is already configured.<br /><br /><br />In Cloudera there is already a cluster, but if I want to form a cluster on Ubuntu can we do it?<br /><br />Yes, you can go ahead with this! There are installation steps for creating a new<br /><br />cluster. You can uninstall your present cluster and install the new cluster.<br /><br /><br />Can we create a Hadoop cluster from scratch?<br /><br />Yes we can do that also once we are familiar with the Hadoop environment.<br /><br /><br /><br /></div>
NETENhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08288560958633001947noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595345043690107376.post-53972650904584207832017-07-31T20:22:00.001+03:002017-07-31T20:22:49.336+03:00Understanding DevOps and why it’s important<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />If you’re a developer, you have probably started to hear the term DevOps being thrown around. If you haven’t, well, you will soon be hearing it around the office. Someone in your upper management will hear about it in a conference somewhere and come back asking his company’s people if they need to consider it. Soon there will a team formulated to discuss implementation of DevOps. What we are saying is, this is the right time to know what DevOps is. We all remember what happened when ‘Agile’ became the most popular model for development. Most people at the beginning had no idea what Agile meant and how they needed to change the way they work.<div>
<br /><b><span style="font-size: large;">What exactly is DevOps?</span></b><br />DevOps is a new way of thinking about development and a new way of development itself. There has always been a huge divide between the development team and the operations team. The development team takes complete control of the development. It is their job to design the system, build the system, test the system, and then deliver it to the operations team. The operations team receives the fully developed and quality tested product and learns how to use it. Then the operations team uses it for their work and reports any errors of mistakes that pop up to the development team.<br /><br />DevOps, as the name suggests, is the combination of development and operations. DevOps is based on the understanding that in order to build the most efficient systems it is important to involve the operations people in the development cycle. Too many of us have used software and wondered why it was designed so badly or why we had to work so hard to mold our work according to it. This disconnect between what the users need and what the product delivers has long been a problem in the industry. DevOps is a way of working that understands that while operations cannot develop, developers cannot develop the right thing either without the right inputs.<br /><br /><div>
<b><span style="font-size: large;">A very different development cycle</span></b><br />In DevOps, the operations team doesn’t move in once the development is complete. Instead, they are there from the start. They help design the system, they even help in development, they help in quality assurance and much more. The advantages of these are obvious; the product that is build is exactly what is needed to work at the highest efficiency in real world scenarios.<br /><br />There’s also another huge advantage – the operations team is also much better at utilizing the product. Digital solutions are only useful if the users know how to use the powerful toolset they offer. By including the operations team right from the start they gain a deep understanding of how everything works and allows them to exploit the solution to their full potential. Instead of waiting to be trained after the solution has been developed, they see it being developed and develop an understanding not just of the UI but the underlying infrastructure as well. DevOps is the future because it results in the best development and deployment.<br /></div>
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NETENhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08288560958633001947noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595345043690107376.post-43443617698468378852017-06-12T16:21:00.000+03:002017-06-12T16:21:02.755+03:00Choosing the right cloud provider - AWS vs Azure vs Google Cloud Platform<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"><img alt="AWS vs Azure vs GCP" caption="false" data-constrained="true" sizes="(max-width: 613px) 100vw, 613px" src="https://www.newgenapps.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Cloud%20provider.jpg?t=1497117427884&width=613&name=Cloud%20provider.jpg" srcset="https://www.newgenapps.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Cloud%20provider.jpg?t=1497117427884&width=307&name=Cloud%20provider.jpg 307w, https://www.newgenapps.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Cloud%20provider.jpg?t=1497117427884&width=613&name=Cloud%20provider.jpg 613w, https://www.newgenapps.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Cloud%20provider.jpg?t=1497117427884&width=920&name=Cloud%20provider.jpg 920w, https://www.newgenapps.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Cloud%20provider.jpg?t=1497117427884&width=1226&name=Cloud%20provider.jpg 1226w, https://www.newgenapps.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Cloud%20provider.jpg?t=1497117427884&width=1533&name=Cloud%20provider.jpg 1533w, https://www.newgenapps.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Cloud%20provider.jpg?t=1497117427884&width=1839&name=Cloud%20provider.jpg 1839w" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: bottom; width: 613px;" title="AWS vs Azure vs GCP" width="613" /></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">There are three main players in the race for cloud services providers - between them, they provide all products you might need for moving your business to the cloud. But these product offerings differ in pricing as well as the naming of their services - which can be confusing at times.</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Here’s a quick guide to compare the services provided by the three main players - Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud Platform (GCP).</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #db0a5b;">Please note</strong> - this is by no means a comprehensive document - the product offerings by AWS, Azure and GCP are vast and it is always a good option to consult with a <a href="https://www.newgenapps.com/blog/a-trusted-technology-advisor-must-needed-for-every-startup" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">trusted technology partner</a> to select the correct provider for your requirements. This guide is intended to make you familiar with some of the most commonly needed products for cloud.</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #db0a5b; font-weight: 400;">Why move to the cloud?</span></h2>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Companies from both the public & private sector (Netflix, AirBNB, PBS and many more) increasingly rely on cloud services for their online operations. This allows them to concentrate on their core business idea and leave the infrastructure needs to the experts. In this day and age of constantly changing demand, setting up a physical infrastructure to provide such online services would get very expensive and time-consuming - with a team of technicians, lot of extra budget for servers, constantly changing hardware requirements and so on. With the help of cloud offerings provided by these players, a lot of startups find it quick and affordable to start their own ventures without these technical challenges.</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #db0a5b; font-weight: 400;">Pricing</span></h2>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Pricing for products and services you use from these providers will depend largely on the computing power you need, the number of instances you deploy and the location. But some major advantages of using the cloud as compared to setting up your own physical infrastructure are</span></div>
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<li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">No upfront investment</span></li>
<li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Pay for what you use</span></li>
<li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">No termination fees</span></li>
<li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Easy scaling up/scaling down</span></li>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">You can read up about the pricing details here - </span><a href="https://aws.amazon.com/pricing/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">AWS</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">, </span><a href="https://cloud.google.com/pricing/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">GCP</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">, </span><a href="https://azure.microsoft.com/pricing/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">Azure</a></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #db0a5b; font-weight: 400;">Amazon Web Services (AWS) vs Microsoft Azure vs Google Cloud Platform (GCP)</span></h2>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Amazon introduced IaaS (Infrastructure As A Service) at their first AWS service launched in 2004. It has been a front-runner in the race and has since kept adding features and offerings - giving them an upper hand over competition. To an extent, they are the most expensive in some regards. But they are also the best in terms of service offerings. Google and Microsoft joined the bandwagon later but quickly caught up. This did help bring down the prices which ultimately helps consumers.</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Here’s a quick comparison of all the offerings provided by AWS, Azure and GCP and how it affects pricing.</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #db0a5b; font-weight: 400;">1. Computation Power</span></h3>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">This is the core of the services offered by computers - to calculate, to process data — to compute. To get faster processing for data analysis, graphics rendering or faster response time, you either need more hardware OR you can go to the cloud. If you buy hardware, it is yours. But it is also very expensive - purchasing, maintenance and all the idle time where they are not in use. On the other hand, moving to the cloud, you only pay for what you use and it is much easier and faster to scale up or scale down depending on the demand.</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Amazon provides EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud), their on-demand scalable instances. Google provides Compute Engine and Azure has Virtual Machines. While EC2 is arguably the most comprehensive, it can burn a hole in your pocket if you are not careful - the </span><a href="https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/pricing/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">pricing</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"> is also a little complex to understand. The same goes for Microsoft </span><a href="https://azure.microsoft.com/pricing/details/virtual-machines/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">Azure’s VMs</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"> as well. Google’s Compute Engine has very </span><a href="https://cloud.google.com/pricing/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">simple pricing</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">, but it is also the least flexible.</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">With AWS </span><a href="https://aws.amazon.com/elasticbeanstalk/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">Elastic Beanstalk</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"> and Google </span><a href="https://cloud.google.com/appengine/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">App Engine</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">, you also have the option of buying computing processes for mobile and web apps - which significantly reduces cost compared to using EC2 or Compute Engine IF your app fits the specs for these services.</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">All three providers provide Docker capabilities with AWS ECS, Google Container Engine and Azure Container service.</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Azure has another advantage in that it allows deploying Windows client apps with a RemoteApp service which the other two lack.</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #db0a5b; font-weight: 400;">2. Storage</span></h3>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Storage is another important criteria for cloud services. Using any of these cloud providers, you can store data to the tune of some GBs to many petabytes.</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">For storage, Amazon’s S3 (Simple Storage Service) has been around for long and is very well documented with many samples as well as third-party libraries. Google’s Cloud Storage and Azure’s Storage also provide equally reliable services, but their resources are not as extensive as S3. Although, Google and Azure somewhat beat S3 on the pricing.</span></div>
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<tr style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; height: 23px;"><td style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; height: 23px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; width: 235px;"><strong style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #db0a5b;">Service</strong></td><td style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; height: 23px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; width: 235px;"><strong style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #db0a5b;">Provider</strong></td><td style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; height: 23px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; width: 235.104px;"><strong style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #db0a5b;">Pricing</strong></td></tr>
<tr style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; height: 45px;"><td style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; height: 45px; padding: 0px; width: 235px;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Cloud Storage</span></td><td style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; height: 45px; padding: 0px; width: 235px;">Google</td><td style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; height: 45px; padding: 0px; width: 235.104px;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">$0.026 (</span><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">standard</span><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">) / $0.02 (</span><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Durable Reduced Availability</span><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">)</span></td></tr>
<tr style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; height: 23px;"><td style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; height: 23px; padding: 0px; width: 235px;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Data Lake Storage</span></td><td style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; height: 23px; padding: 0px; width: 235px;">Azure</td><td style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; height: 23px; padding: 0px; width: 235.104px;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">$0.04</span></td></tr>
<tr style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; height: 45px;"><td style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; height: 45px; padding: 0px; width: 235px;">S3</td><td style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; height: 45px; padding: 0px; width: 235px;">AWS</td><td style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; height: 45px; padding: 0px; width: 235.104px;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">$0.03 (</span><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">standard</span><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">) / $0.0125 (</span><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">infrequent</span><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">)</span></td></tr>
<tr style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; height: 90px;"><td style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; height: 90px; padding: 0px; width: 235px;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Azure Storage</span></td><td style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; height: 90px; padding: 0px; width: 235px;">Azure</td><td style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; height: 90px; padding: 0px; width: 235.104px;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">$0.024 (</span><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Locally Redundant</span><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">) / $0.048 (</span><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Geographically Redundant</span><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">) / $0.061 (</span><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Read access - Geographically Redundant</span><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">)</span></td></tr>
<tr style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; height: 23px;"><td style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; height: 23px; padding: 0px; width: 235px;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Block Storage</span></td><td style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; height: 23px; padding: 0px; width: 235px;">Rackspace</td><td style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; height: 23px; padding: 0px; width: 235.104px;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">$0.12</span></td></tr>
<tr style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; height: 23.396px;"><td style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; height: 23.396px; padding: 0px; width: 235px;">Cloud Files</td><td style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; height: 23.396px; padding: 0px; width: 235px;">Rackspace</td><td style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; height: 23.396px; padding: 0px; width: 235.104px;">$0.1</td></tr>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Archiving services are provided at lower rates compared to cloud storage, but it also provides lower access speed. Archiving services are generally used for storing objects which are not accessed regularly. The archiving services provided by Amazon, Azure and GCP are </span><a href="https://aws.amazon.com/glacier/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">Glacier</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"> (AWS), </span><a href="https://azure.microsoft.com/services/backup/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">Azure Backup</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"> (Azure) and </span><a href="https://cloud.google.com/storage-nearline/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">Cloud Storage Nearline</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"> (GCP). Azure and AWS also provide solutions for archiving - </span><a href="https://aws.amazon.com/archive/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">Data Archive</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"> (AWS), </span><a href="https://azure.microsoft.com/solutions/backup-archive/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">Backup and Archive</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"> (Azure)</span></div>
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<tr style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; text-align: center; width: 235.556px;"><strong style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #db0a5b;">Service</strong></td><td style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; text-align: center; width: 236.667px;"><strong style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #db0a5b;">Provider</strong></td><td style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; text-align: center; width: 236.667px;"><strong style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #db0a5b;">Pricing</strong></td></tr>
<tr style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; width: 235.556px;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Cloud Storage Nearline</span></td><td style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; width: 236.667px;">Google</td><td style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; width: 236.667px;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">$0.01 (</span><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">storage</span><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">) + $0.01 (</span><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">retrieval</span><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">)</span></td></tr>
<tr style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; width: 235.556px;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Glacier</span></td><td style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; width: 236.667px;">AWS</td><td style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; width: 236.667px;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">$0.007</span></td></tr>
<tr style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; width: 235.556px;">Storage</td><td style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; width: 236.667px;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Azure</span></td><td style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; width: 236.667px;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">$0.01 (</span><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Locally Redundant</span><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">) / $0.02 (</span><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Geographically Redundant</span><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">) / $0.025 (</span><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Read access - Geographically Redundant</span><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">)</span></td></tr>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Apart from storage and archiving, all three providers also provide services for creating content delivery networks. AWS provides </span><a href="https://aws.amazon.com/cloudfront/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">CloudFront</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">, Azure has a </span><a href="https://azure.microsoft.com/services/cdn/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">Content Delivery Network</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"> and GCP has </span><a href="https://cloud.google.com/cdn/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">Cloud CDN</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">.</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #db0a5b; font-weight: 400;">3. Analytics</span></h3>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Now comes the interesting and probably a very important part - using the computing, storage and content delivery using analytics. Usually when it comes to solutions hosted on the cloud, they deal with large data sets (<a href="https://www.newgenapps.com/technology/big-data" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">big data</a>). And unless we use analytics on this data and gather some important insights, it is pretty much useless.</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"><a href="https://www.newgenapps.com/blog/6-reasons-your-business-should-consider-real-time-analytics" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">Analytics on big data</a> can help with many things - predictions, new offerings, cross-selling and so on. But analytics on such large data sets requires specific tools and programming models. Google was forefront in this race due to MapReduce - they came up with a number of products for users - </span><a href="https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">BigQuery</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">, </span><a href="https://cloud.google.com/dataproc/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">Cloud Dataproc</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"> (managed Spack & Hadoop), </span><a href="https://cloud.google.com/dataflow/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">Cloud Dataflow</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"> (data processing in real time), Cloud Datalab, </span><a href="https://cloud.google.com/pubsub/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">Cloud Pub/Sub</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"> (streaming data and messaging) and even </span><a href="https://cloud.google.com/genomics/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">Genomics</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"> (for processing genomic data)!</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Amazon provides </span><a href="https://aws.amazon.com/emr/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">Elastic MapReduce</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"> and Azure provides </span><a href="https://azure.microsoft.com/services/hdinsight/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">HDInsight</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">. All three also provide various Big Data Solutions you can use. You can find them here - </span><a href="https://cloud.google.com/solutions/big-data/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">GCP Big Data</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"> solutions, </span><a href="https://aws.amazon.com/big-data/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">AWS Big Data</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"> offerings, </span><a href="https://azure.microsoft.com/solutions/big-data/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">Azure Big Data</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"> solutions.</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">While Google has taken the lead on Big Data, Amazon takes the cake with </span><a href="https://aws.amazon.com/quicksight/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">QuickSight</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"> - an offering they provide for businesses to make sense of large amounts of structured and unstructured data. It helps businesses identify opportunities based on data sets and various strategies. This helps businesses where they don’t see the need to have a team of data scientists implementing solutions for analyzing their data - but still need to gather insights from the data they capture.</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Analytics will also likely require you to use Machine Learning. Google is ahead in the race on this one too, with </span><a href="https://cloud.google.com/ml/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">Cloud Machine Learning</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"> as well as offering products which they use for their own apps in specific areas - </span><a href="https://cloud.google.com/vision/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">Cloud Vision</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">, </span><a href="https://cloud.google.com/speech/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">Speech</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">, </span><a href="https://cloud.google.com/natural-language/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">Natural Language Processing</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"> and </span><a href="https://cloud.google.com/translate/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">Translate</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">. The Cloud ML alternatives provided by AWS and Azure are </span><a href="https://aws.amazon.com/machine-learning/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">Amazon Machine Learning</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"> and </span><a href="https://azure.microsoft.com/services/machine-learning/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">Azure Machine Learning</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #db0a5b; font-weight: 400;">4. Location</span></h3>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">When deploying your cloud services, location is very important - you should choose a data center which is close to your primary users. For instance if you are providing services to users in the East Coast of United States, it would be best to deploy your services there. This will reduce the response time and also offer better user experience. CDNs also help here for faster delivery of resources.</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"><img alt="AWS Availability" caption="false" data-constrained="true" sizes="(max-width: 536px) 100vw, 536px" src="https://www.newgenapps.com/hs-fs/hubfs/AWS%20Availability.jpg?t=1497117427884&width=536&name=AWS%20Availability.jpg" srcset="https://www.newgenapps.com/hs-fs/hubfs/AWS%20Availability.jpg?t=1497117427884&width=268&name=AWS%20Availability.jpg 268w, https://www.newgenapps.com/hs-fs/hubfs/AWS%20Availability.jpg?t=1497117427884&width=536&name=AWS%20Availability.jpg 536w, https://www.newgenapps.com/hs-fs/hubfs/AWS%20Availability.jpg?t=1497117427884&width=804&name=AWS%20Availability.jpg 804w, https://www.newgenapps.com/hs-fs/hubfs/AWS%20Availability.jpg?t=1497117427884&width=1072&name=AWS%20Availability.jpg 1072w, https://www.newgenapps.com/hs-fs/hubfs/AWS%20Availability.jpg?t=1497117427884&width=1340&name=AWS%20Availability.jpg 1340w, https://www.newgenapps.com/hs-fs/hubfs/AWS%20Availability.jpg?t=1497117427884&width=1608&name=AWS%20Availability.jpg 1608w" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: bottom; width: 536px;" title="AWS Availability" width="536" /></span></div>
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<em style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">AWS regions</em></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Amazon wins hands-down in this area - it has the most extensive coverage closely followed by Azure (although Azure has very good coverage in Asia). Google has a good coverage in United States, but not so much in Europe or Asia.</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"><img alt="Azure availability" caption="false" data-constrained="true" sizes="(max-width: 656px) 100vw, 656px" src="https://www.newgenapps.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Azure%20availability.jpg?t=1497117427884&width=656&name=Azure%20availability.jpg" srcset="https://www.newgenapps.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Azure%20availability.jpg?t=1497117427884&width=328&name=Azure%20availability.jpg 328w, https://www.newgenapps.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Azure%20availability.jpg?t=1497117427884&width=656&name=Azure%20availability.jpg 656w, https://www.newgenapps.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Azure%20availability.jpg?t=1497117427884&width=984&name=Azure%20availability.jpg 984w, https://www.newgenapps.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Azure%20availability.jpg?t=1497117427884&width=1312&name=Azure%20availability.jpg 1312w, https://www.newgenapps.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Azure%20availability.jpg?t=1497117427884&width=1640&name=Azure%20availability.jpg 1640w, https://www.newgenapps.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Azure%20availability.jpg?t=1497117427884&width=1968&name=Azure%20availability.jpg 1968w" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: bottom; width: 656px;" title="Azure availability" width="656" /></span></div>
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<em style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Azure regions</em></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">When selecting the location, do keep in mind that different locations cost different. United States and Europe generally offer the cheapest options. You can find more information here - </span><a href="https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/global-infrastructure/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">AWS global reach</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">, </span><a href="https://azure.microsoft.com/regions/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">Azure regions</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">, Google </span><a href="https://cloud.google.com/about/locations/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">cloud locations</a></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"><img alt="Google cloud locations" caption="false" data-constrained="true" sizes="(max-width: 661px) 100vw, 661px" src="https://www.newgenapps.com/hs-fs/hubfs/GCP%20availability.jpg?t=1497117427884&width=661&name=GCP%20availability.jpg" srcset="https://www.newgenapps.com/hs-fs/hubfs/GCP%20availability.jpg?t=1497117427884&width=331&name=GCP%20availability.jpg 331w, https://www.newgenapps.com/hs-fs/hubfs/GCP%20availability.jpg?t=1497117427884&width=661&name=GCP%20availability.jpg 661w, https://www.newgenapps.com/hs-fs/hubfs/GCP%20availability.jpg?t=1497117427884&width=992&name=GCP%20availability.jpg 992w, https://www.newgenapps.com/hs-fs/hubfs/GCP%20availability.jpg?t=1497117427884&width=1322&name=GCP%20availability.jpg 1322w, https://www.newgenapps.com/hs-fs/hubfs/GCP%20availability.jpg?t=1497117427884&width=1653&name=GCP%20availability.jpg 1653w, https://www.newgenapps.com/hs-fs/hubfs/GCP%20availability.jpg?t=1497117427884&width=1983&name=GCP%20availability.jpg 1983w" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: bottom; width: 661px;" title="Google cloud locations" width="661" /></span></div>
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<em style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Google cloud locations</em></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #db0a5b; font-weight: 400;">5. Other products & services</span></h3>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">These are the main service offerings provided by any cloud providers. But that is not the end. Here’s a quick list of other resources/services you might be interested in</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #db0a5b; font-weight: 400;">a. Networking</span></h4>
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<li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">DNS - Amazon </span><a href="https://aws.amazon.com/route53/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">Route 53</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">, </span><a href="https://cloud.google.com/dns/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">Google DNS</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">, </span><a href="https://azure.microsoft.com/services/dns/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">Azure DNS</a></li>
<li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Virtual Private Networks - </span><a href="https://aws.amazon.com/vpc/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">Amazon VPC</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">, Google </span><a href="https://cloud.google.com/virtual-network/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">Cloud Virtual Network</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">, Azure </span><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"><a href="https://azure.microsoft.com/services/vpn-gateway/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">VPN Gateway</a></span></li>
<li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Load Balancing - Amazon <a href="https://aws.amazon.com/elasticloadbalancing/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">ELB</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">, Google </span><a href="https://cloud.google.com/load-balancing/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">Cloud Load Balancing</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">, Azure </span><a href="https://azure.microsoft.com/services/load-balancer/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">Load Balancer</a></li>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #db0a5b; font-weight: 400;">b. Database</span></h4>
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<li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">SQL - Amazon </span><a href="https://aws.amazon.com/rds/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">RDS</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"> (has support for multiple DBMS), Azure </span><a href="https://azure.microsoft.com/services/sql-database/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">SQL Database</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">, </span><a href="https://azure.microsoft.com/services/sql-data-warehouse/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">SQL Data warehouse</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">, </span><a href="https://azure.microsoft.com/services/sql-server-stretch-database/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">SQL Server stretch database</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">, Google </span><a href="https://cloud.google.com/sql/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">Cloud SQL</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"> (only supports MySQL as of now)</span></li>
<li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">NoSQL - Amazon </span><a href="https://aws.amazon.com/dynamodb/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">DynamoDB</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">, Azure </span><a href="https://azure.microsoft.com/services/documentdb/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">DocumentDB</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"> and </span><a href="https://azure.microsoft.com/services/storage/tables/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">Table storage</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">,Google </span><a href="https://cloud.google.com/bigtable/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">Bigtable</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"> and </span><a href="https://cloud.google.com/datastore/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">Cloud Datastore</a></li>
<li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Cache services - Amazon </span><a href="https://aws.amazon.com/elasticache/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">ElastiCache</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">, Azure </span><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"><a href="https://azure.microsoft.com/services/cache/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">Redis</a></span></li>
<li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Other <a href="https://aws.amazon.com/products/databases/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc8b0b;" target="_blank">cloud database offerings by Amazon</a></li>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Then there’s developer tools, security offerings, disaster recovery tools and so on.</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #db0a5b; font-weight: 400;">Other Service Providers</span></h2>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">While Amazon, Microsoft and Google are the big names in cloud providers, there are many small providers who offer some very competitive pricing. Many of them focus on indie developers rather than companies and can be worth giving a shot - esp if you need moderate scaling. Some examples include</span></div>
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<li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Digital Ocean</span></li>
<li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Rackspace Cloud</span></li>
<li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Linode</span></li>
<li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Vultr</span></li>
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NETENhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08288560958633001947noreply@blogger.com38tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595345043690107376.post-10367330664592826962017-06-11T13:15:00.003+03:002017-06-11T13:15:57.212+03:00What is Ruby on Rails<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span style="color: blue;">What is Ruby on Rails?</span></b></div>
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Ruby on Rails (ROR) is a web development framework developed in Ruby. It simplifies and abstracts repetitive tasks and aids in speedy application development. Programmers love this language because of its simplicity, agility, elegance and speed.</div>
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The key principle of RoR is convention over configuration. Rails comes with a set of conventions which saves programmers time in configuring files in order to set-up.</div>
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<b><span style="color: blue;">Why ROR for App Development?</span></b></div>
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Rails is a start-up friendly language. It is easy to use and understand and provides ample scope for development and scalability. Many startups in the recent decade have opted for Ruby. These include names like <b><span style="color: blue;">GitHub, Basecamp, SlideShare, Groupon </span></b>etc. Rails is so loved because of it’s developer friendly command line and online support. To ease it for you, we have listed some of the most prominent plus points of Ruby on Rails.</div>
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<b><span style="color: blue;">Rapid Development:</span></b></div>
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Speed is the biggest competitive advantage of RoR. Rails is developed to support rapid application development(RAD). The Modal View Controller (MVC) in ROR is beautifully implemented and it focuses on (DRY) Don’t Repeat Yourself. These principles reduce the time consumed on app development and help programmers work at fast pace. Availability of good testing frameworks also helps in bug fixing. The ease of accommodating changes makes Rails the best pic for fast application development.</div>
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<b><span style="color: blue;">Adaptability</span></b></div>
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The code in rails is more like read as you go type. If properly written, the code needs very less documentation. This means that it is easier for new developers to catch-up on the project and start working. The self-documentary feature saves developers time spent in writing documentations.</div>
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<b><span style="color: blue;">Agile Methodology</span></b></div>
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Agile is the use of incremental, iterative and empirical processes to respond to project uncertainties. There is a wide gap between the thinking of a developer and the client, on how development works. Agile methodology is the way to improve communication and handle changing client’s requirements in real time. It is an alternative approach to traditional sequential development.</div>
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<b><span style="color: blue;">Cost Cuts</span></b></div>
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Rails is built on a completely open source platform. The combination of Linux and Ruby (both open source) provide great incentives for start-ups as they are always tight on budget. Since Rails and most of its libraries are open source, there are no costs involved in licensing. Not to forget, savings in development time are also cost cuts.</div>
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<b><span style="color: blue;">The CATCH</span></b></div>
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The only two downsides of Rails are the lack of experienced professionals and compatibility issues. Finding an experienced programmer is difficult as there are very few techies who are good with Rails. Many experienced professionals in Java and PHP have still not adopted RoR completely. ROR is developing at a very fast speed and its techie friendly nature aligns with the skilled developer's mindset.</div>
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RoR is much more resource intensive as compared to PHP thus many hosts are yet to develop support for it. Rails is usually not a good bet for low-end shared hosts. But this by no means is an end in itself. Heroku and EngineYard are among the best hosts providing such services. Alternatively, you can host it on a Virtual Private Server (VPS) with Amazon EC2, Rackspace, or Linode. You can then enjoy complete control over your server and can allocate resources to your application as needed.</div>
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NETENhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08288560958633001947noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595345043690107376.post-56228427195669941622017-06-11T13:09:00.002+03:002017-06-11T13:09:57.730+03:00Amazon DynamoDB vs MongoDB<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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In the past few years, we have seen a huge change in trends in the space of databases. A new emerging trend has been the usage of NoSQL ("not only SQL"). NoSQL came into picture when developers realized the need for an agile delivery system which is easily able to process unstructured data. The system needed to be extremely dynamic and relational databases did not quite cut it. A relational database model may not be the best solution for all situations. An alternative, more "cloud-friendly" approach was to employ NoSQL instead. This is where Amazon DynamoDB and MongoDB come in handy.</div>
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NoSQL is a whole new way of thinking about databases. It is not a relational database. MongoDB, the most famous of NoSQL offerings, uses a documents model. A MongoDB database holds a collection which is a set of documents. Embedded documents and arrays reduce the requirement for joins, a key parameter for high performance and speed.</div>
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In January 2012, Amazon announced their NoSQL service, DynamoDB. While not the first in the league, it is definitely a game changer. Most people think of MongoDB as the epitome of NoSQL because of its ease of use compared to other databases. But it has major drawbacks in terms of data management.</div>
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5 features of Amazon DynamoDB that are very compelling as compared to its competitors:</div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">1. Analytics</span></b></div>
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Extending the application of analytics to a database has not been as easy. Ideally, we would just want to send a request to the database and have it send back the result when ready. But every NoSQL database has failed in this aspect. MongoDB has major limitations when running map-reduce jobs.</div>
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On the other hand, DynamoDB integrates with Elastic Map Reduce and reduces the complexity of analyzing unstructured data. This is a BIG plus</div>
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With Amazon DynamoDB, there is no need to hardcode replication of values. Once you make a choice, everything works like it should. Like all Amazon product offerings, read and write units can be adjusted based on actual usage. In our opinion, nothing beats this!</div>
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Amazon poses a real threat to competition by offering a hosted solution. If you have an AWS account, getting started with DynamoDB is as simple as making a single API call! With other NoSQL solutions, the developer must have the right servers, installations and configurations. With DynamoDB, they just need to concentrate on the application and let AWS handle the rest.</div>
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Amazon, like AWS, provides amazing performance with DynamoDB. They give single digit latency even on very heavy loads. All data is synchronously replicated across all availability zones AND there is NO downtime even while there are throughput updates! The use of SSDs is a real game changer for random reads and updates.</div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">5. Pay for use</span></b></div>
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Amazon lets you buy operations per second capability rather than CPU hours or storage space. This removes a whole lot of complexity for developers who would otherwise need to tune the database configuration, monitor performance levels, ramp up hardware resources when needed. This provides users a fast and reliable storage space for their needs with costs that scale in direct proportion to the demand.</div>
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With all its advantages, even if we consider a few flaws DynamoDB does have, as a product it comes closest to fulfilling the promise of NoSQL compared to its competitors: Easy-to-use structured storage without the complexity of managing SQL servers and the reliability and performance benefits of scaling out.</div>
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NETENhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08288560958633001947noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595345043690107376.post-68077521405106960862017-06-02T09:39:00.000+03:002017-06-02T09:39:43.666+03:00The Blockchain and Us (2017)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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NETENhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08288560958633001947noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595345043690107376.post-46575852169199063112017-06-02T08:36:00.003+03:002017-06-02T08:36:35.072+03:00Blockchain & Bitcoin TedTalks<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">The Blockchain Revolution</span></b></div>
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</span></b><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Blockchain technology : From Hype to Reality </b></span><div>
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<br />Bitcoin for consumers today <br /></span></b><br />
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NETENhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08288560958633001947noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595345043690107376.post-88992574653625599862017-06-02T08:18:00.001+03:002017-06-02T08:26:16.771+03:00Bitcoin & Blockchain - Industry Leaders Speak<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Bill Gates - Strongest Believer of this Technology<br />
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Richard Barrason On Bitcoin<br />
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Ex Facebook Founders on Bitcoin & Blockchain Technology<br />
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NETENhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08288560958633001947noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595345043690107376.post-6772221638032768902017-05-31T20:45:00.001+03:002017-06-02T07:52:09.250+03:00Smart contract use cases in industry<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b>Paper contracts can take weeks to travel around the globe, while digital documents are uncomfortably easy to forge. Is there a way to automate transactions to make them smoother, more efficient, and more secure for all parties? Leaders are looking at blockchain and smart contracts as a viable solution.</b></div>
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Blockchain technology is generating significant interest across a wide range of industries. As the field of applications for blockchains grows, industry leaders are customizing and tailoring the technology to fit very particular uses. Blockchain-based smart contracts—self-executing code on a blockchain that automatically implements the terms of an agreement between parties—are a critical step forward, streamlining processes that are currently spread across multiple databases and ERP systems. Smart contracts in the commercial realm have not yet been proven, but we believe that permissioned blockchains (those that are privately maintained by a small group of parties) in particular will find near-term adoption. Two blockchain-based smart contract use cases—(1) securities trade clearing and settlement and (2) supply chain and trade finance document handling—carry important lessons for business and technology leaders interested in smart contract applications. </div>
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<b>SIGNALS </b></div>
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Smart contract VC-related deals totaled $116 million in Q1 of 2016, more than twice as much as the prior three quarters combined and accounting for 86 percent of total blockchain venture funding </div>
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An Ethereum-based organization has raised over $150 million to experiment with and develop smart contract-driven applications.</div>
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<li>The Australian Securities Exchange is developing a blockchain-based post-trade solution to replace its current system</li>
<li>The Post-Trade Distributed Ledger Group, an organization launched to explore post-trade applications on the blockchain, has 37 financial institutions as members</li>
<li>Five global banks are building proof-of-concept systems with a trade finance and supply chain platform that uses smart contracts</li>
<li>Barclays Corporate Bank plans to leverage a smart contract bill-of-lading platform to help its clients reduce supply chain management costs</li>
<li>The state of Delaware announced initiatives to utilize smart contracts for state-recognized “distributed ledger shares” and to streamline back-office procedures</li>
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<b>WHAT ARE BLOCKCHAIN-BASED SMART CONTRACTS?</b></div>
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Smart contracts represent a next step in the progression of blockchains from a financial transaction protocol to an all-purpose utility. They are pieces of software, not contracts in the legal sense, that extend blockchains’ utility from simply keeping a record of financial transaction entries to automatically implementing terms of multiparty agreements. Smart contracts are executed by a computer network that uses consensus protocols to agree upon the sequence of actions resulting from the contract’s code. The result is a method by which parties can agree upon terms and trust that they will be executed automatically, with reduced risk of error or manipulation.</div>
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Technology leaders envision many applications for blockchain-based smart contracts, from validating loan eligibility to executing transfer pricing agreements between subsidiaries. Importantly, before blockchain this type of smart contract was impossible because parties to an agreement of this sort would maintain separate databases. With a shared database running a blockchain protocol, the smart contracts auto-execute, and all parties validate the outcome instantaneously and without need for a third-party intermediary.</div>
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But when should companies employ blockchain-enabled smart contracts rather than existing technology? They can be a worthwhile option where frequent transactions occur among a network of parties, and manual or duplicative tasks are performed by counterparties for each transaction. The blockchain acts as a shared database to provide a secure, single source of truth, and smart contracts automate approvals, calculations, and other transacting activities that are prone to lag and error.</div>
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<b>BLOCKCHAIN-BASED SMART CONTRACT BENEFITS</b></div>
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For a wide range of potential applications, blockchain-based smart contracts could offer a number of benefits:</div>
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<b>Speed and real-time updates.</b> Because smart contracts use software code to automate tasks that are typically accomplished through manual means, they can increase the speed of a wide variety of business processes.</div>
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<b>Accuracy. </b>Automated transactions are not only faster but less prone to manual error.</div>
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<b>Lower execution risk. </b>The decentralized process of execution virtually eliminates the risk of manipulation, nonperformance, or errors, since execution is managed automatically by the network rather than an individual party.</div>
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<b>Fewer intermediaries. </b>Smart contracts can reduce or eliminate reliance on third-party intermediaries that provide “trust” services such as escrow between counterparties.</div>
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<b>Lower cost. </b>New processes enabled by smart contracts require less human intervention and fewer intermediaries and will therefore reduce costs.</div>
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New business or operational models. Because smart contracts provide a low-cost way of ensuring that the transactions are reliably performed as agreed upon, they will enable new kinds of businesses, from peer-to-peer renewable energy trading to automated access to vehicles and storage units.</div>
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<b>SMART CONTRACT USE CASES</b></div>
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To determine high-impact areas of potential, Deloitte’s analysis of smart contract use cases considered a number of factors, including: a sizable market opportunity; the presence of active, relatively well-funded start-ups targeting the opportunity; the participation of prominent investors; technical feasibility and ease of implementation; and evidence of multiple pilots or adoption by corporations. The lowest-hanging fruits today are applications in which contracts are narrow, objective, and mechanical, with straightforward clauses and clearly defined outcomes.</div>
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We have identified a range of applications—ranging from smart health records to pay-as-you-go insurance—that companies are piloting right now (see table). Using the criteria above, two use cases stand out for their immediacy to market: trade clearing and settlement and supply chain and trade finance.</div>
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<br />Trade clearing and settlement</h4>
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Blockchains provide a single ledger as the source of truth, and smart contracts offer the ability to automate approval workflows and clearing calculations that are prone to lag and error—thus reducing errors, cost, and the time to settlement. Trade clearing and settlement often entails labor-intensive activities that include various approvals and/or complex internal and external reconciliations. Banks maintain substantial IT networks, but independent processing by each counterparty causes discrepancies that lead to costly resolutions and settlement delays.</div>
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The opportunity to streamline clearing and settlement processes with the blockchain and smart contracts is immense. In 2015, the Depository Trust & Clearing Corp. (DTCC) processed over $1.5 quadrillion worth of securities, representing 345 million transactions. Santander Bank’s innovation fund, Santander Innoventures, expects blockchain technology to lead to $15–20 billion in annual savings in infrastructure costs by 2022. Seven start-ups, retaining funding of over $125 million, have platforms or services targeting this space: The list of more than 35 investors behind these companies is equally impressive; it includes not only major venture funds such as Khosla Ventures and SV Angel but also large banks such as Citigroup, JP Morgan, and Santander, and other organizations such as NASDAQ and the DTCC itself.</div>
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Wall Street has also been busy exploring this space. More than 40 global banks within the R3 consortium participated in testing that included clearing and settlement activity, and many of those banks have pursued further trials individually. The Australian Securities Exchange is also working on a smart contracts-based post-trade platform to replace its equity settlement system, and four global banks and the DTCC recently ran a successful trial of a smart contracts solution for post-trade credit default swaps.</div>
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Supply chain and trade finance documentation</div>
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Blockchains can make supply chain and trade finance documentation more efficient, by streamlining processes previously spread across multiple parties and databases on a single shared ledger. All too often, supply chains are hampered by paper-based systems reliant on trading parties and banks around the world physically transferring documents, a process that can take weeks for a single transaction. Letters of credit and bills of lading must be signed and referenced by a multitude of parties, increasing exposure to loss and fraud. Current technologies haven’t addressed this issue because digital documents are easy to forge; even current IT systems at banks simply track the logistics of physical documents for trade finance. A blockchain can provide secure, accessible digital versions to all parties in a transaction, and smart contracts can be used to manage the workflow of approvals and automatically transfer payment upon all signatures being collected.</div>
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Because current paper systems drive $18 trillion in transactions per year, there’s an attractive opportunity to decrease costs and improve reliability in supply chain and trade finance. Four start-ups have emerged in this area, all of which have noted engagement with banks in proof-of-concept activities. Funding has not been disclosed, but backers include three respected venture funds in addition to Barclays.</div>
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A number of corporations have also shown mounting interest in this area. Seven banks have revealed proof-of-concept testing, and the numbers noted by start-ups indicate more that haven’t been publicly revealed. One start-up in particular noted implementation roadmaps with five banks as well as a major insurer. Barclays Corporate Bank recently partnered with one of the start-ups, Wave, a platform that stores bill-of-lading documents in the blockchain and uses smart contracts to log change of ownership and automatically transfer payments to ports upon arrival. Bank of America, Standard Charter, and the Development Bank of Singapore are also among the banks pursuing proof-of-concepts of their own.</div>
<br /><br />WHAT TO WATCH<br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Smart contract technology is still in its early stages. Business and technology leaders who want to stay current on implications of smart contracts should track both technology and business developments surrounding smart contracts.</span></div>
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On the technology side, certain advances will help broaden the applications and adoption of smart contracts.</div>
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Scalability. <span style="font-weight: normal;">Smart contract platforms are still considered unproven in terms of scalability.</span></div>
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External information.<span style="font-weight: normal;"> Because smart contracts can reference only information on the blockchain, trustworthy data services—known as “oracles”—that can push information to the blockchain will be needed. Approaches for creating oracles are still emerging.</span></div>
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Real assets.<span style="font-weight: normal;"> Use cases that effectively link smart contracts to real assets are still in their infancy.</span></div>
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Flexibility. <span style="font-weight: normal;">The immutability of blockchain-based smart contracts today means that developers must anticipate any conceivable scenario necessitating changes to the contract.</span></div>
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Privacy.<span style="font-weight: normal;"> The code within smart contracts is visible to all parties within the network, which may not be acceptable for some applications.</span></div>
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Latency.<span style="font-weight: normal;"> Blockchains suffer from high latency, given that time passes for each verified block of transactions to be added to the ledger. For Ethereum, the most popular blockchain for smart contracts, this occurs approximately every 17 seconds—a far cry from the milliseconds to which we are accustomed while using non-blockchain databases.</span></div>
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Permissioning. <span style="font-weight: normal;">While excitement for smart contracts is growing in the realm of both permission-less and permissioned blockchains, the latter is likely to see faster adoption in industry, given that complexities around trust, privacy, and scalability are more easily resolved within a consortium of known parties.</span></div>
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Watch for major trials or deployments that achieve new milestones in scalability, or technologies that successfully address issues of privacy or enable greater trust of oracles. These are key signs of maturity, signaling that smart contracts are positioned for wider adoption.</div>
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On the business side, new capabilities and business models that extend beyond the digital realm driven by smart contracts will emerge in the coming months. For instance, start-ups have already paired smart contracts with IoT devices to provide access via smart locks or automatically enable electric vehicle charging stations. Pushing IoT sensor data to the blockchain will also open up countless possibilities; among them, look for new business models that are based on usage rather than time, and applications that employ micropayments automatically.</div>
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Revised legislation that accomodates smart contracts or recognition of smart contracts by legal authorities will also be critical for some applications of smart contracts. This will be another signal to watch for that indicates the technology is positioned for wider adoption.</div>
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CONSIDERATIONS FOR CORPORATIONS</div>
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Business leaders who may not be closely following blockchain developments should consider examining the technology and evaluate how it can be paired with smart contracts to drive efficiencies or new business capabilities.</div>
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Operations executives should look to their own processes to evaluate where smart contracts may be applicable. Some factors to look for include complex and manual work flows, multiparty agreements, lack of trust between parties, and interdependent transactions. Likewise, ideating on new capabilities that could be made possible by smart contracts should be considered in the context of current strategy or innovation efforts.</div>
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Given that smart contracts represent a new model of computing, software development teams and IT leaders should consider exploring the implications of this approach. Implementing smart contracts on a blockchain will require significant integration work, and it will be important to understand the new protocols and considerations when evaluating these applications for the enterprise.</div>
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NETENhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08288560958633001947noreply@blogger.com4